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With the 4th W)30(orld W)29(ater Forum scheduled for Mexico City in)]TJ 0 -1.35244 TD 0.017 Tc (Mar)Tj 1.71715 0 TD 0.0171 Tc 0.3157 Tw (ch 2006, the Aspen Institute and the Nicholas Institute for)Tj -1.71715 -1.35245 TD 0 Tc 0.105 Tw (Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University conducted a multi-)Tj T* 0.099 Tw (stakeholder dialogue to help highlight the importance of global water)Tj T* 0.054 Tw [(issues, suggest steps to provide services more rapidly and effectively)36(,)]TJ T* 0.015 Tw (and to identify and draw attention to constructive ways the US govern-)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (ment and other US participants can take part in the Forum.)Tj 1.14286 -2.20958 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.0222 Tw (In April 2005 a distinguished gr)Tj 12.18347 0 TD (oup of leaders fr)Tj 6.54396 0 TD -0.005 Tc 0.022 Tw [(om business, govern)-1(-)]TJ -19.87029 -1.35246 TD -0.021 Tw [(ment, and enviro)-1(n)-1(m)-1(e)-1(n)-1(t)-1(a)-1(l)-1( )-1(a)-1(n)-1(d)-1( )-1(o)-1(t)-1(h)-1(e)-1(r)-1( )-1(n)-1(o)-1(n)-1(-)-1(g)-1(o)-1(v)-1(e)-1(r)-1(nmental organizations met)]TJ 0 -1.35245 TD 0.084 Tw [(for two and a half days at the Aspen Institute\325)74(s W)19(ye River Confere)-1(n)-1(c)-1(e)]TJ T* -0.004 Tc 0.124 Tw [(C)1(e)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)1( t)1(o)1( l)1(e)1(a)1(r)1(n)1( f)1(r)1(om )-1(each )-1(other)69(,)1( t)1(o)1( e)1(x)1(p)1(l)1(o)1(r)1(e )-1(the )-1(sometimes )-1(competing)]TJ -0.0045 Tc 0.1853 Tw (values underlying policy disagr)' 12.80032 0 TD -0.004 Tc 0.185 Tw [(eements, and to consider appro)1(p)1(r)1(i)1(a)1(t)1(e)]TJ -12.80032 -1.35245 TD 0.004 Tw [(r)1(esponses to the challenges identified. 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W)18(ater)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (and Sanitation)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 67 398.3371 Tm 0 Tc 0.022 Tw (William K. Reilly and Harriet C. Babbitt, Dialogue Co-Chairs)Tj ET 1 g 66 54 300 310.856 re f BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 79 355.915 Tm 0 g 0.0131 Tc (Acr)Tj 1.48355 0 TD 0.0133 Tc -0.0327 Tw (oss much of the developing world, a silent tsunami is raging:)Tj -2.57445 -1.36364 TD 0.013 Tc 0.096 Tw (for lack of clean water and sanitation, as many poor people are)Tj 0 -1.36363 TD 0.05 Tw (dying each month as perished during the Southeast Asian tsuna-)Tj 0.0132 Tc 0.0181 Tw (mi of December 2004. An estimated 6 million died in 2003, accor)' 26.24483 0 TD 0.013 Tc 0 Tw (d-)Tj -26.24483 -1.36364 TD 0.132 Tw [(ing to the W)30(orld Health Organization, many of them young chil-)]TJ T* 0.028 Tw (dren. In addition to death and illness, a loss of hope and opportu-)Tj T* 0.245 Tw [(nity are direct consequences of water)37(-borne and related dis-)]TJ 0.0132 Tc 0.1554 Tw (eases. But unlike the tsunami that devastated Southeast Asia,)' 0.0133 Tc 0.0222 Tw (this one can be stopped. )' 1.09091 -2.18182 TD 0.009 Tc -0.01 Tw [(Access to adequate, clean, affordable supplies of water)70(, as well)]TJ -1.09091 -1.36364 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.2358 Tw (as sanitation and hygiene, is fundamental to human health, to)Tj T* 0.009 Tc 0.163 Tw [(human dignity)37(, to reducing poverty)36(, and to expanding economic)]TJ 0.0088 Tc (oppor)' 2.37713 0 TD 0.009 Tc 0.091 Tw [(tunity)37(. Y)70(et a billion people or mor)-1(e go without safe drinking)]TJ -2.37713 -1.36363 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.0222 Tw (water; twice that lack adequate sanitation. )Tj 1.09091 -2.18182 TD 0 Tc 0.101 Tw (In the past, the conventional response might well have been to)Tj -1.0909 -1.3636 TD 0.096 Tw (plan large engineered drinking water and wastewater facilities, to)Tj -0.0001 Tc -0.0116 Tw (lay pipes and extend coverage to each household. That is a lengthy)' 26.869 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (,)Tj -26.869 -1.3636 TD 0.153 Tw (expensive, and difficult proposition. And there are many impedi-)Tj -0.0001 Tc -0.0332 Tw (ments, fr)' 3.4648 0 TD (om insuf)Tj 3.35423 0.00001 TD (ficient pr)Tj 3.52097 0.00001 TD (oject development capabilities to financial)Tj 9 0 0 9 361.0054 28.5027 Tm 0 Tc (3)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 11 0 obj << /Length 3595 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g 0.183 Tw (risks to local opposition, that explain the lack of viable projects.)Tj 0 -1.36648 TD 0.252 Tw (Such large projects may still make sense in densely populated)Tj T* 0.099 Tw (areas, but new approaches are necessary to get clean water and)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.1101 Tw (sanitation to people in villages and other non-urban places. Both)' 0 -1.36649 TD 0 Tc 0.089 Tw (water and sanitation are critically important, although each repre-)Tj 0 -1.36648 TD 0.01 Tw [(sents a different challenge for service providers and a dif)-1(ferent cal-)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (culation of costs and benefits. )' 1.09091 -2.18466 TD 0.009 Tc -0.032 Tw (Fully satisfying the need for clean water and sanitation on a last-)Tj -1.09091 -1.36649 TD -0.01 Tw (ing basis requires a perspective broader than just delivery of basic)Tj 0 -1.36648 TD -0.015 Tw (services. In too many countries, water resources overall are badly)Tj T* -0.021 Tw [(managed. Responsible ministries are weak or lack capacity)37(. Local)]TJ T* 0.083 Tw (water utilities also lack adequate skills and resources but never-)Tj 0 -1.36649 TD 0.089 Tw (theless see the responsibility for water and sanitation devolve to)Tj 0 -1.36648 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.0915 Tw (them. Investment in water infrastr)Tj 14.48365 0 TD (uctur)Tj 2.15496 0 TD (e is limited. Since water)Tj -16.63861 -1.36649 TD 0.0087 Tc (tarif)Tj 1.65471 0 TD 0.009 Tc 0.094 Tw (fs are minimal, there is insufficient revenue even to maintain)Tj -1.65471 -1.36649 TD 0.184 Tw (the system. And the threat of climate change complicates the)Tj 0 -1.36648 TD 0.097 Tw (challenge. It has the potential to upend familiar patterns of pre-)Tj T* 0.001 Tw (cipitation, leading to drought or more flooding and rendering exist-)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (ing infrastructure obsolete. )Tj 1.09091 -2.18467 TD 0 Tc 0.038 Tw (In short, providing clean water and sanitation and sustaining the)Tj -1.09091 -1.36648 TD 0.033 Tw (economy and the environment require better management of water)Tj (r)' 0.33276 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (esour)Tj 2.27661 0 TD 0.0428 Tw (ces at all levels of gover)Tj 9.87491 0 TD (nment. T)Tj 3.66119 0 TD (o meet the challenge inter)Tj 10.61267 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -26.75815 -1.3665 TD -0.0001 Tc (nationally)Tj 3.85058 0 TD 0.0415 Tw (, it is dif)Tj 3.17752 0 TD 0 Tc 0.042 Tw (ficult to escape the conclusion that more national)Tj -7.0281 -1.3665 TD 0.105 Tw (governments are going to have to elevate the priority for water in)Tj 0 -1.36648 TD 0.006 Tw (their budgets, development plans and projects, and other decisions.)Tj -0.0001 Tc (Inter)' 1.88843 0 TD 0.1324 Tw (national donors, public and private, will also have to step up)Tj -1.88843 -1.36649 TD 0 Tc 0.016 Tw (their efforts. And yet, in contrast to the outpouring of support in the)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.1965 Tw (Southeast Asian tsunami's after)' 13.33524 0.00001 TD (math, the political will and other)Tj -13.33524 -1.36649 TD 0.027 Tw (essential elements to addr)Tj 10.63223 0.00001 TD (ess water needs seem, for the most par)Tj 15.95892 0.00001 TD -0.0002 Tc (t,)Tj -26.5911 -1.3665 TD 0 Tc 0.022 Tw [(in short supply)37(.)]TJ 1.0909 -2.1847 TD 0.009 Tc 0.177 Tw (The ultimate responsibility for providing safe, affordable, and)Tj -1.0909 -1.3665 TD 0.0088 Tc -0.0127 Tw (ecologically sustainable water and sanitation ser)Tj 19.97407 0.00001 TD (vices falls to gov)Tj 6.78408 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm 0 Tc (4)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /Length 3258 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm 0 g -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 361.0054 28.5027 Tm 0 Tc (5)Tj 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0.009 Tc -0.016 Tw (ernments, at the national, provincial, or local level. How these ser-)Tj 0 -1.39436 TD 0.209 Tw (vices are provided - whether through public utilities or private)Tj 0 -1.39437 TD 0.194 Tw (operators, through concessions or community groups - matters)Tj 0 -1.39436 TD 0.022 Tw (less than that the services are being delivered. )Tj 1.09091 -2.21254 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0012 Tw (Donors, bilateral and multilateral aid agencies, and others have a)Tj -1.09091 -1.39436 TD 0 Tc 0.147 Tw (critical role in meeting the water challenge, especially in helping)Tj T* 0.311 Tw (poor countries and in fostering regional cooperation on water)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0594 Tw (issues. Money will be needed, but that is not the only contribution)' 0 -1.39437 TD -0.005 Tw (donors can make. They can also help fill the need for technical help)Tj 0 -1.39436 TD 0 Tc -0.008 Tw (in creating legal and regulatory frameworks and long-lasting institu-)Tj 0 -1.39437 TD -0.02 Tw (tions to improve water management; for technology transfer; and for)Tj 0 -1.39436 TD 0.184 Tw [(exchanges, education, and training to build capacity)37(. These may)]TJ -0.0002 Tc (of)' 0.77783 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0686 Tw (fer low-cost means of pr)Tj 10.04742 0 TD 0 Tc 0.069 Tw (oviding assistance, especially for devel-)Tj -10.82524 -1.39437 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1469 Tw (opment agencies whose budgets ar)Tj 14.86115 0 TD (e spr)Tj 2.14545 0 TD (ead thinly to meet many)Tj -17.00661 -1.39437 TD 0.0222 Tw (legitimate purposes. )Tj 1.09091 -2.21255 TD 0.0766 Tw (Still, we hear)Tj 5.37311 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (d r)Tj 1.13126 0 TD 0 Tc (epeatedly in our dialogue and we have come to)Tj -7.59528 -1.39437 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0129 Tw (accept that in all but the poor)Tj 11.79692 0 TD (est countries most of the money spent)Tj -11.79692 -1.39437 TD -0.006 Tw (on water inevitably will have to come fr)Tj 15.61743 0 TD (om within the af)Tj 6.36907 0 TD 0 Tc (fected coun)Tj 4.77163 0 TD (-)Tj -26.75813 -1.39437 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1226 Tw (tries themselves. That means finding innovative ways to mobilize)Tj 0 -1.39436 TD 0 Tc -0.005 Tw (and put to work local or domestic financial resources. And it means)Tj T* 0.097 Tw [(enlisting nongovernmental, community)37(, and faith-based groups, as)]TJ T* -0.016 Tw [(well as the business sector)70(, in creative partnerships to deliver need-)]TJ T* -0.001 Tw (ed water services. In the end, we concluded that meeting this chal-)Tj T* 0.022 Tw [(lenge can wait no longer)70(. )]TJ ET BT /F13 1 Tf 13 0 0 13 67 159.9469 Tm [(Solutions Are A)18(vailable)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 79 132.6089 Tm 0.003 Tw [(The group of experts who gathered at W)19(ye are intimately familiar)]TJ -1.0909 -1.3944 TD -0.005 Tw (with the sobering array of issues and statistics, and we chose not to)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0144 Tw (belabor the magnitude or complexity of water pr)' 19.31573 0.00001 TD (oblems. For us, the)Tj -19.3157 -1.3944 TD 0 Tc -0.012 Tw (most illuminating part of the discussions was learning about the rich)Tj /F5 1 Tf 1 0 0 1 -1000 1648 Tm 1 g 0 Tw ( )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /Length 3683 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0 g 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm 0 Tc (6)Tj 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0.152 Tw (examples of projects and sponsors bringing safe, affordable, and)Tj 0 -1.36363 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0646 Tw (sustainable water and sanitation to those in need. A good amount)Tj 0 -1.36364 TD 0 Tc 0.128 Tw (of experimentation is under way with approaches that go beyond)Tj 0 -1.36363 TD 0.221 Tw (delivering water through large-scale, expensive engineered pro-)Tj T* 0.261 Tw (jects. Several creative models, institutional reforms, innovative)Tj T* -0.033 Tw (financing, and partnerships between and among development assis-)Tj 0 -1.36364 TD 0.155 Tw (tance agencies, nongovernmental groups, and private companies)Tj T* 0.263 Tw (were described. Especially intriguing are decentralized water)Tj T* 0.118 Tw [(treatment systems and household point-of-use products that of)-1(fer)]TJ T* -0.018 Tw (immediate intervention to reduce death and disease as well as com-)Tj T* 0.173 Tw (munity and faith-based models for extending access to services.)Tj T* 0.022 Tw ((See Box, Promising Examples and Models, pp. 8-14))Tj 1.09091 -2.18182 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.0966 Tw (Many of these pr)Tj 7.2065 0 TD 0.009 Tc 0.097 Tw [(ojects are promising. T)90(o r)-1(each more people,)]TJ -8.29741 -1.36364 TD 0.0088 Tc (however)Tj 3.49082 0 TD 0.0333 Tw (, they need to be expanded, r)Tj 12.00845 0 TD (eplicated, and scaled up, no)Tj -15.49927 -1.36364 TD 0.009 Tc 0.069 Tw (easy task to be sure. They will need money and technical know-)Tj 0 -1.36363 TD 0.151 Tw [(how)37(, which may become increasingly available through govern-)]TJ 0.0088 Tc 0.0794 Tw (mental suppor)' 5.91498 0 TD (t - in the United States, thr)Tj 11.17432 0 TD (ough the US Agency for)Tj -17.0893 -1.36364 TD 0.009 Tc 0.085 Tw (International Development (USAID), USAID's Global Development)Tj 0 -1.36363 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.1762 Tw (Alliance (GDA), and the new Millennium Challenge Corporation.)Tj 0 -1.36364 TD 0.0166 Tc 0.3251 Tw (And ar)Tj 3.09063 0 TD (ound the world, the private sector)Tj 15.61697 0 TD (, non-gover)Tj 5.06165 0 TD (nmental)Tj -23.76925 -1.36364 TD 0.0089 Tc (gr)Tj 0.85105 0 TD 0.0091 Tc 0.3326 Tw (oups, philanthr)Tj 6.4119 0 TD (opies, UN agencies, multilateral development)Tj -7.26294 -1.36364 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.0089 Tw (banks, and others have significant contributions to make, financial)Tj 0.0222 Tw (and other)' 3.93456 0 TD (wise.)Tj -2.84365 -2.18182 TD 0.0044 Tc 0.0564 Tw (The r)Tj 2.13327 0 TD 0.0043 Tc (esults of these pr)Tj 7.13455 0 TD (ojects ar)Tj 3.59462 0 TD (e for the most par)Tj 7.35794 0 TD 0.0044 Tc (t going unher)Tj 5.44685 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -26.75815 -1.36365 TD 0.004 Tc 0.1 Tw [(alded. W)30(e heard again and again of the need for a simple, com-)]TJ 0 -1.36364 TD 0.067 Tw (pelling message that could draw attention, raise awareness, build)Tj 0.0044 Tc 0.0087 Tw (public suppor)' 5.50875 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.009 Tw [(t, and, most importantly)37(, mobilize resour)-1(ces and moti-)]TJ -5.50875 -1.36364 TD -0.018 Tw [(vate action. W)30(e learned about the need to tell the stories of people,)]TJ 0.0044 Tc 0.0722 Tw (families, childr)' 5.97304 -0.00001 TD (en who have benefited fr)Tj 10.33701 -0.00001 TD (om better access to clean)Tj -16.31 -1.3636 TD 0.004 Tc 0.031 Tw [(water and sanitation. W)30(e heard, too, about the need for variations)]TJ T* 0.142 Tw (on the theme that could engage new audiences across different)Tj T* 0.053 Tw [(sectors of society)37(. Several participants in the W)19(ye session tested)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 1 0 0 1 -1000 1648 Tm 1 g 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 14 0 obj << /Length 2871 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm 0 g -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0.004 Tc 0.03 Tw (messages about saving lives and expanding opportunities. But we)Tj 0 -1.38079 TD 0.245 Tw (quickly came to the realization that this gathering of technical)Tj T* 0.099 Tw (experts and policy advocates was probably not the best group to)Tj 0 -1.3808 TD 0.0044 Tc 0.0222 Tw (devise messages to spur people to act.)Tj 1.09091 -2.19897 TD 0.004 Tc 0.215 Tw [(One singular thrust, however)70(, caught everyone's imagination:)]TJ -1.09091 -1.38079 TD 0.158 Tw [(W)29(e were captured by the potential impact of using schools and)]TJ 0 -1.3808 TD 0.0044 Tc 0.0416 Tw (orphanages to mobilize r)Tj 10.06077 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.042 Tw (esources to deliver clean water and sani-)Tj -10.06077 -1.38079 TD 0.006 Tw [(tation to children. UNICEF)92(, we learned, recently estimated that half)]TJ T* 0.181 Tw (the world's schools lack these basic services. The task seems)Tj 0 -1.3808 TD -0.027 Tw (manageable, something that could be pulled off within a reasonable)Tj 0 -1.38079 TD -0.016 Tw (time frame, even if not everyone in need would be reached right off.)Tj 0 -1.3808 TD 0.0043 Tc 0.0481 Tw (Aside fr)Tj 3.19267 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.048 Tw (om the obvious health benefits for children, this is seen by)Tj -3.19267 -1.38079 TD -0.007 Tw (community and faith-based groups with direct experience as a way)Tj T* 0.069 Tw (to improve school attendance and academic performance, to give)Tj 0 -1.3808 TD 0.039 Tw (children reason to hope for a better future, and a means to benefit)Tj 0 -1.38079 TD 0.019 Tw (their families and their communities through outreach and expand-)Tj T* 0.049 Tw [(ed access to water)70(. School attendance, especially by young girls,)]TJ 0 -1.3808 TD 0.151 Tw (who now may spend hours each day hauling water from distant)Tj 0 -1.38079 TD 0.257 Tw (sites, would likely increase with all the collateral benefits this)Tj 0.0044 Tc 0.0208 Tw (would bring to societies. This is a r)' 14.3826 0 TD (eal oppor)Tj 3.83736 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.021 Tw (tunity to engage more)Tj -18.21996 -1.38081 TD 0.032 Tw [(fully government, business, civil society)37(, and others to assist those)]TJ 0 -1.38079 TD 0.104 Tw (poor countries where the political will to address water issues is)Tj 0.0044 Tc 0.0222 Tw (beginning to emer)' 7.34002 0 TD (ge. )Tj -6.24911 -2.19899 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1428 Tw (The humanitarian impulse to get clean water and sanitation to)Tj -1.09091 -1.38079 TD 0 Tc 0.116 Tw (people in need is strong. The economic and environmental argu-)Tj 0 -1.3808 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0735 Tw (ments compelling. The ar)Tj 10.56749 0 TD 0 Tc 0.073 Tw (ray of solutions is growing. The time for)Tj -10.56749 -1.38079 TD 0.022 Tw [(action is now)37(.)]TJ 9 0 0 9 361.0054 28.5027 Tm (7)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /Length 3287 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f 0.87 g 66.5 66.482 299 509.018 re f q BT /F13 1 Tf 13 0 0 13 114.1111 548.5212 Tm 0 g -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (PROMISING EXAMPLES AND MODELS )Tj ET BT /F14 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 83.5 516.5212 Tm 0 Tc Tj 11.5 0 0 11.5 95.5 516.5212 Tm -0.009 Tc 0.097 Tw (Mexico recently enacted a new national water law under)Tj 0 -1.21738 TD 0.199 Tw (which responsibility for water decisions is decentralized)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.039 Tw (and intended to be made involving local officials on a river)Tj T* 0.129 Tw (basin or watershed basis. Mexico for the most part has)Tj T* 0.264 Tw [(already reassigned responsibility for ir)-1(rigation from the)]TJ T* 0.114 Tw (national government to the irrigators themselves, a move)Tj T* 0.031 Tw (that can improve water management and bolster civil soci-)Tj T* 0.043 Tw [(ety)50(. No one underestimates how dif)-1(ficult change is in this)]TJ T* 0.117 Tw (country where management of water resources has been)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (highly centralized. But changes are occurring and consid-)Tj T* 0.036 Tw [(ered by those who know the country nothing short of r)-1(evo-)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(lutionary)50(.)]TJ -1.04348 -2.25878 TD 0 Tc Tj 1.04348 0 TD 0.0087 Tc 0.1165 Tw (Globally a gr)Tj 4.89996 0 TD (owing number of nongover)Tj 10.22055 0 TD (nmental gr)Tj 4.09103 0 TD (oups)Tj -19.21153 -1.2174 TD 0.021 Tc 0.32 Tw (are employing community-based models to provide)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.009 Tc 0.208 Tw (water and sanitation. This approach involves working)Tj T* 0.099 Tw (closely with affected communities, tailoring projects to)Tj 0.0087 Tc 0.1589 Tw (local water conditions, tapping indigenous knowledge,)' 0.0265 Tc 0.3417 Tw (applying inexpensive and convenient technologies,)' 0.0087 Tc 0.214 Tw (ensuring that ser)' 6.68455 0 TD 0.009 Tc (vices are sustainable financially and)Tj -6.68455 -1.21739 TD 0.052 Tw [(operationally)50(, and integrating hygiene education into all)]TJ 0.0085 Tc (pr)' 0.73943 0 TD 0.0087 Tc 0.2563 Tw (ojects, especially the health value of r)Tj 15.60172 0 TD (egular hand)Tj -16.34115 -1.2174 TD (washing.)Tj 3.71241 0 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 0.82382 0 TD 0.0087 Tc 0.0911 Tw (ater for People, for example, is the not-for)Tj 16.14453 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -20.68076 -1.2174 TD 0.0085 Tc (pr)Tj 0.73943 0 TD 0.009 Tc 0.184 Tw [(ofit arm of the American W)17(ater W)18(orks Association,)]TJ -0.73943 -1.21739 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.1474 Tw (which r)Tj 2.87483 0 TD 0.0086 Tc (epr)Tj 1.19215 0 TD 0.0088 Tc (esents water utilities. A little mor)Tj 13.59373 0 TD 0.0087 Tc (e than a)Tj -17.66071 -1.2174 TD 0.0955 Tw (decade old, with a modest, but gr)Tj 12.9662 0 TD 0.009 Tc 0.096 Tw [(owing budget, W)18(ater)]TJ -12.9662 -1.21739 TD 0.0087 Tc 0.2354 Tw (for People has been working in 450 communities on)Tj (ever)' 1.58994 0.00001 TD 0.0222 Tw (y continent. )Tj -1.5899 -2.2588 TD 0.004 Tc 0.12 Tw [(W)18(ater for People has lear)-1(ned in its work in Africa that)]TJ 0 -1.2174 TD -0.006 Tw (often the first step is to build trust between the people of)Tj T* 0.098 Tw (the community and the institutions of government; then)Tj ET 0.5 w 0 G 66.25 66.232 299.5 509.518 re s BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0 Tc 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm 0 Tc (8)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /Length 3387 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm 0 g -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 361.0054 28.5027 Tm 0 Tc (9)Tj ET 0.87 g 66.5 66.482 299 509.018 re f BT /F14 1 Tf 11.5 0 0 11.5 95.5 553.0506 Tm 0 g 0.0043 Tc 0.1533 Tw (comes the technical and other assistance that actually)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.004 Tc 0.088 Tw [(begins to deliver clean water)70(.)-404(Sanitation, the field staff)]TJ 0 -1.21738 TD 0.157 Tw (have learned, is a bigger challenge. The organization's)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD -0.024 Tw (experience underscores several other critical points: gen-)Tj T* 0.312 Tw (der issues are paramount throughout the developing)Tj T* 0.012 Tc 0.325 Tw (world, because water and sanitation are often the)Tj T* 0.004 Tc 0.081 Tw (responsibility of women and girls. They've also learned)Tj 0.0043 Tc 0.2574 Tw (to insist that the community contribute something of)' T* 0.004 Tc 0.062 Tw (itself, in labor and importantly finance - or the endeavor)Tj T* 0.059 Tw (isn't valued. Partnerships are critical and can tap Peace)Tj 0.0043 Tc 0.2461 Tw (Corps and other volunteers to bring in needed skills.)' T* 0.004 Tc 0.122 Tw [(W)18(ater for People is or)-1(ganizing a \322sister city\323 exchange)]TJ 0.0043 Tc (wher)' 1.85026 0 TD 0.321 Tw (eby US water utilities will help build technical)Tj -1.85026 -1.21739 TD 0.004 Tc 0.022 Tw (capacity in local water providers.)Tj -1.04348 -2.25878 TD 0.009 Tc 0.113 Tw [-428(Living W)17(ater International is one of a number of faith-)]TJ 1.04348 -1.21739 TD 0.0087 Tc 0.1016 Tw (based or)Tj 3.28045 0 TD (ganizations involved with pr)Tj 10.65468 0 TD 0.009 Tc 0.102 Tw (oviding safe drink-)Tj -13.93513 -1.2174 TD 0.094 Tw [(ing water)70(. Drawing on its pool of volunteer engineers,)]TJ 0 -1.21739 TD 0.134 Tw (geologists, construction managers, educators, and oth-)Tj 0.0088 Tc 0.1691 Tw (ers, and working especially with schools, orphanages,)' 0.0087 Tc 0.0154 Tw (and hospitals, Living W)' 8.6688 0 TD 0.0088 Tc (ater drills wells, pr)Tj 7.0053 0 TD (ovides pumps,)Tj -15.6741 -1.2174 TD 0.009 Tc 0.291 Tw (trains local people in maintenance and repairs, and)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.0085 Tc (of)Tj 0.73943 0 TD 0.0087 Tc 0.1608 Tw (fers r)Tj 2.10226 0 TD (elated ser)Tj 3.85723 0 TD (vices such as hygiene education and)Tj -6.69892 -1.2174 TD 0.009 Tc 0.058 Tw [(mobile medical units. T)74(o date the group has completed)]TJ 0 -1.21739 TD 0.069 Tw [(more than 1800 water projects, ser)-1(ving over 3.5 million)]TJ 0.0087 Tc 0.0222 Tw (people daily in 21 countries.)' 0 -2.25878 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0239 Tw (Living W)Tj 3.17015 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ater Inter)Tj 3.35448 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (national also was a prime mover in cr)Tj 13.7123 0 TD 0 Tc (e)Tj 0.44384 0 TD (-)Tj -20.68077 -1.2174 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1976 Tw (ating the Millennium W)Tj 9.17824 0 TD 0 Tc 0.198 Tw (ater Alliance to coordinate the)Tj -9.17824 -1.21739 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.024 Tw (clean water and sanitation work of several community and)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.039 Tw (faith-based providers, with a goal of reaching 500 million)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (people by 2015. )' -1.0435 -2.2588 TD -0.013 Tc 0.039 Tw [-450(W)18(orld V)18(ision, which has helped provide schools with water)]TJ 1.0435 -1.2174 TD 0.004 Tw [(in Cambodia and W)18(est Africa for more than 15 years, is part)]TJ ET 0.5 w 0 G 66.25 66.232 299.5 509.518 re s Q endstream endobj 17 0 obj << /Length 3684 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f 0.87 g 66.5 54.5 299 521 re f q BT /F14 1 Tf 11.5 0 0 11.5 95.5 547.0595 Tm 0 g -0.013 Tc 0.082 Tw [(of the W)18(est Africa W)17(ater Initiative, launched at the W)18(orld)]TJ 0 -1.21739 TD -0.0134 Tc 0.16 Tw (Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. In Ghana,)Tj T* -0.013 Tc 0.285 Tw [(Niger)70(, Mali, and elsewhere \(with suppor)-1(t)1( )1(f)1(r)1(om the US)]TJ T* 0.004 Tc 0.608 Tw (Agency for International Development, the Hilton)Tj 0 -1.21738 TD -0.0134 Tc 0.1701 Tw (Foundation, and others\), the Initiative will bring water to)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.1714 Tw (400,000 people by identifying and developing water sup)Tj 20.68077 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -20.68077 -1.21739 TD -0.013 Tc 0.035 Tw (plies, building local water management capabilities \(includ-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (ing repair and maintenance\), and devising a self-sustaining)Tj T* 0.011 Tw (means of finance. With many partners, it's taken a while to)Tj T* 0.022 Tw [(plan, but activities are now under way)50(.)]TJ -1.04348 -2.25878 TD 0 Tc Tj 1.04348 0 TD (W)Tj 0.82833 0 TD -0.005 Tc 0.113 Tw [(inrock International is one of the partners in the W)17(est)]TJ -0.82833 -1.2174 TD 0.234 Tw [(Africa W)18(ater Initiative. In Nepal, Winr)-1(ock International)]TJ 0 -1.21739 TD -0.0046 Tc 0.0254 Tw (also car)Tj 2.82093 0 TD (ried out a pr)Tj 4.4027 0 TD (oject to install drip ir)Tj 7.48816 0 TD (rigation that ben)Tj 5.96897 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -20.68076 -1.2174 TD -0.0046 Tc 0.0952 Tw (efited not only far)Tj 6.63972 0 TD (mers, but water pr)Tj 6.86853 0 TD -0.005 Tc 0.095 Tw (oviders, manufactur-)Tj -13.50825 -1.2174 TD 0.022 Tw [(ers, and the broader community)50(.)]TJ -1.04348 -2.25878 TD 0 Tc Tj 1.04348 0 TD (R)Tj 0.49113 0 TD -0.009 Tc 0.138 Tw (WE Thames W)Tj 5.54507 0 TD -0.0091 Tc (ater)Tj 1.33804 0 TD -0.009 Tc (, which primarily provides water ser-)Tj -7.37424 -1.2174 TD 0.1079 Tw (vices in England, also holds water concessions in several)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.283 Tw (cities around the world. Learning from the enormous)Tj -0.0307 Tw (expense of extending coverage in Jakar)' 13.82867 0 TD (ta, Thames began to)Tj -13.82867 -1.21739 TD (explor)Tj 2.16698 0 TD 0.1609 Tw (e lower)Tj 2.7821 0 TD (-cost ways to deliver clean water)Tj 12.43386 0 TD (. As one)Tj -17.38294 -1.2174 TD 0.193 Tw (example of its subsequent approaches, Thames recently)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.191 Tw (joined with the non-profit community-based organization)Tj T* 0.038 Tw [(W)18(aterAid, CARE, and other non-profit, for)37(-pr)-1(ofit, and acad-)]TJ T* 0.333 Tw [(emic organizations in a partnership called W)18(ater and)]TJ 0.1779 Tw (Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP). The focus is on)' 0.0178 Tw (delivering sustainable, equitable, and af)' 14.19129 0 TD 0.018 Tw (fordable water and)Tj -14.19129 -1.21739 TD 0.2596 Tw (sanitation ser)Tj 5.07556 0 TD (vices in low-income urban and peri-urban)Tj -5.07556 -1.21739 TD 0.029 Tw (communities, among the most challenging environments in)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (which to operate. The first project is getting started in)Tj (Bangalor)' 3.14801 0.00001 TD 0.2769 Tw (e, India, with sponsors expecting to announce)Tj -3.148 -1.2174 TD 0.022 Tw (soon the next effort in Africa.)Tj 0 -2.2588 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0528 Tw (These ef)Tj 3.16072 0.00001 TD (for)Tj 0.99951 0.00001 TD (ts ar)Tj 1.66316 0.00001 TD (e tar)Tj 1.71809 0.00001 TD (geting ar)Tj 3.27157 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (eas of gr)Tj 3.26943 0.00001 TD (eatest need, build)Tj 6.5983 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj ET 0.5 w 0 G 66.25 54.25 299.5 521.5 re s BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (10)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 18 0 obj << /Length 3063 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm 0 g -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (11)Tj ET 0.87 g 66.5 54.5 299 521 re f BT /F14 1 Tf 11.5 0 0 11.5 95.5 547.0595 Tm 0 g 0 Tc 0.17 Tw (ing local capacity by involving the community from the)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.15 Tw [(start, using donor funds to jump-start the pr)-1(oject while)]TJ T* 0.007 Tw (designing self-supporting and sustainable operations, and)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.3067 Tw (incorporating hygiene education and integrated water)' 0.0222 Tw (management as key elements.)' -1.04348 -2.25878 TD 0 Tc 0.045 Tw [-437(Widely known for its humanitarian work in disaster relief)]TJ 1.04348 -1.21739 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1078 Tw (and development, CARE has worked in the water sector)Tj T* 0 Tc -0.03 Tw [(for nearly half a century)50(, helping reach over 20 million peo-)]TJ T* 0.003 Tw (ple in more than 40 countries. CARE, too, employs a com-)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0172 Tw (munity-based model and incorporates water management)' 0.0841 Tw (principles at the local level in places like Bangladesh, El)' T* 0 Tc 0.022 Tw [(Salvador)70(, Jordan, and the W)17(est Bank, to cite a few)50(. )]TJ 0 -2.25878 TD (W)Tj 0.83276 0 TD -0.015 Tw (ith the US Centers for Disease Control and others, CARE)Tj -0.83276 -1.21739 TD 0.002 Tc 0.33 Tw [(helped pioneer the household treatment Safe W)18(ater)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1712 Tw (System, combining a simple low-cost disinfectant, safe)' -0.0235 Tw (storage vessels, and hygiene education. During the tsuna)' 20.68078 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -20.68078 -1.21739 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0453 Tw (mi in Southeast Asia, CARE br)Tj 11.10858 0 TD (ought immediate help with)Tj -11.10858 -1.21739 TD 0 Tc -0.02 Tw [(point-of-use treatment to get people clean water)70(. As trag)-1(-)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.25 Tw (ic as the impact of the disaster was, millions lacked)' 0.0526 Tw (access to clean water and sanitation befor)' 15.69113 0 TD (e the tsunami.)Tj -15.69113 -1.21739 TD 0 Tc -0.003 Tw (After attending to immediate and urgent needs, CARE and)Tj T* -0.002 Tw [(other groups will use the recovery and r)-1(ebuilding phase to)]TJ T* 0.115 Tw (develop community water and sanitation services in the)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (region on a lasting, financially viable basis.)Tj -1.04348 -2.25877 TD 0.004 Tc -0.004 Tw [-433(CARE also put to good use a pr)-1(oduct created by Procter &)]TJ 1.04348 -1.21739 TD 0.124 Tw (Gamble in partnership with USAID, Population Services)Tj T* 0.225 Tw (International, and others. PUR is a sachet of simple)Tj 0.0043 Tc 0.1939 Tw (chemicals \(the equivalent of a waste water tr)' 17.93393 0.00001 TD (eatment)Tj -17.9339 -1.2174 TD 0.0059 Tw (plant in a small packet\) that when mixed with dir)Tj 17.92266 0.00001 TD (ty water)Tj -17.9227 -1.2174 TD 0.004 Tc 0.242 Tw (destroys or settles out pathogens, heavy metals, and)Tj T* 0.001 Tw (other contaminants, providing clean drinking water at the)Tj 0.0043 Tc 0.0222 Tw (household level. )' ET 0.5 w 0 G 66.25 54.25 299.5 521.5 re s Q endstream endobj 19 0 obj << /Length 3319 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0 g 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (12)Tj ET 0.87 g 66.5 54.5 299 521 re f BT /F14 1 Tf 11.5 0 0 11.5 95.5 548.0715 Tm 0 g 0 Tc 0.067 Tw (The company's intent at the start was to develop a com-)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.195 Tw (mercial product that millions of poor households could)Tj T* 0.032 Tw (readily afford, called by marketing experts \322the bottom of)Tj T* 0.011 Tw (the pyramid,\323 but market introduction costs were too high)Tj T* 0.059 Tw (for a conventional business model to succeed. The com-)Tj T* -0.004 Tw (pany then created partnerships with several governments,)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (social marketing NGOs, and global relief organizations to)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.1475 Tw (make the pr)' 4.56968 0 TD 0 Tc 0.148 Tw (oduct available for disaster relief, including)Tj -4.56968 -1.21739 TD 0.096 Tw (the 2004 tsunami, and to create small scale local entre-)Tj T* 0.029 Tw (preneurial business models that benefit rural villages and)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (urban slums in the developing world. )' -1.04348 -2.25878 TD -0.005 Tc 0.104 Tw [-442(The Coca-Cola Company is also taking a keen inter)-1(est in)]TJ 1.04348 -1.21739 TD -0.0046 Tc 0.0377 Tw (water issues in its operations and in communities near its)Tj 0.1537 Tw (facilities, sur)' 4.75045 0 TD (veying mor)Tj 4.05119 0 TD (e than 850 facilities in over 200)Tj -8.80164 -1.2174 TD -0.005 Tc 0.026 Tw (countries to identify priorities related to watershed stress,)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.022 Tw [(supply reliability)50(, and stakeholder issues.)]TJ 0 -2.25878 TD 0.0043 Tc 0.1062 Tw (Coca-Cola also has star)Tj 8.91417 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.106 Tw (ted a number of water projects,)Tj -8.91417 -1.21739 TD 0.178 Tw (working with local communities and other partners. In)Tj T* 0.124 Tw [(2004, in V)18(ietnam, the company and the United Nations)]TJ 0.022 Tc 0.5074 Tw (Development Pr)' 6.53628 0 TD 0.0221 Tc (ogram launched Clean W)Tj 11.09481 0 TD 0.022 Tc (ater for)Tj -17.63109 -1.2174 TD 0.0043 Tc 0.0678 Tw (Communities to develop sustainable solutions that meet)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.004 Tc 0.075 Tw (community needs. The project provided 180 water tanks)Tj 0.0043 Tc -0.0251 Tw (to nearly 500 families in six pr)' 10.87056 0 TD (ovinces, giving them access)Tj -10.87056 -1.21739 TD 0.004 Tc 0.021 Tw [(to clean water)70(. In India, Coca-Cola has begun harvesting)]TJ T* 0.211 Tw (rainwater in all company plants and with government)Tj 0.0043 Tc 0.2714 Tw (authorities set up local rainwater har)' 14.90267 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.271 Tw (vesting projects)Tj -14.90267 -1.21739 TD 0.0041 Tc (ar)Tj 0.73055 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.056 Tw [(ound the country)49(. In Rajasthan, for instance, the com-)]TJ -0.73055 -1.21739 TD 0.0043 Tc 0.0988 Tw (pany joined with a local NGO to set up the state's first)Tj T* 0.004 Tc -0.024 Tw (such project. In Kadadera, an indigenous system of water)Tj T* 0.113 Tw (collection was rehabilitated through the construction of)Tj T* -0.022 Tw [(more than 30 rechar)-1(ge shafts. Elsewhere, as part of Coca)]TJ T* 0.229 Tw (Cola's assistance to tsunami relief, the company ear-)Tj 0.0043 Tc 0.074 Tw (marked $1 million for sustainable development of water)' ET 0.5 w 0 G 66.25 54.25 299.5 521.5 re s Q endstream endobj 20 0 obj << /Length 3315 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f 0.87 g 66.5 54.5 299 521 re f q BT /F14 1 Tf 11.5 0 0 11.5 95.5 547.0595 Tm 0 g 0.004 Tc 0.311 Tw (and sanitation in affected communities through well)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.009 Tc 0.328 Tw (rehabilitation, village water system installation, and)Tj T* 0.004 Tc 0.106 Tw [(water storage. Resources were doubled through a par)-1(t-)]TJ 0.0043 Tc 0.0222 Tw (nership with the UN Foundation and UN agencies.)' 0 -2.25878 TD -0.0001 Tc (Finally)Tj 2.2815 0 TD 0 Tc -0.02 Tw [(, Coca Cola is working with W)18(orld Wildlife Fund and)]TJ -2.2815 -1.21739 TD 0.052 Tw (local partners to fund watershed conservation projects in)Tj T* 0.101 Tw [(the Chihuahuan Desert straddling the T)74(exas-Mexico bor-)]TJ T* 0.048 Tw [(der; the Mekong River Basin of V)18(ietnam; the Atlantic for-)]TJ T* -0.019 Tw (est of Brazil, the Zambezi Basin in southern Africa, and the)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (rivers and streams of the southeastern United States.)Tj -1.04348 -2.25878 TD 0.117 Tw [-437(W)18(aterHealth Inter)-1(national (WHI), a new US company)50(, is)]TJ 1.04348 -1.21739 TD 0.028 Tw [(developing two different commercial models for r)-1(ural and)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1053 Tw (urban communities. Decentralized community water sys)' 20.68077 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -20.68077 -1.21739 TD 0.233 Tw (tems are providing clean water in quantities that can)Tj T* 0.092 Tw (serve rural populations of up to 3,000 people. In its first)Tj -0.0001 Tc -0.0243 Tw (installation in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, in a par)' 20.40295 0 TD 0 Tc (t)Tj 0.27783 0 TD (-)Tj -20.68077 -1.2174 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0041 Tw (nership with the Naandi Foundation, tr)Tj 13.95152 0 TD (eated water is now)Tj -13.95152 -1.21739 TD 0 Tc 0.053 Tw (reaching 80 percent of the households in the village, and)Tj (r)' 0.27783 0 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0192 Tw (esidents for the first time ar)Tj 10.0081 0 TD (e paying small fees. The com)Tj 10.39483 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -20.68077 -1.2174 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0221 Tw (pany estimates that the fees should be suf)Tj 15.53037 0 TD (ficient not only)Tj -15.53037 -1.21739 TD 0 Tc 0.212 Tw [(for operating and maintaining the facility)50(, but also for)]TJ T* 0.094 Tw (recovering the initial capital investment over a period of)Tj T* 0.166 Tw (years. WHI's franchised water stores in the Philippines)Tj T* 0.084 Tw [(provide opportunities for local entr)-1(epreneurs to own and)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.0921 Tw (operate small businesses that pr)' 12.13629 0 TD (oduce and deliver clean)Tj -12.13629 -1.21739 TD 0.0918 Tw (water to r)Tj 3.73727 0 TD (esidents in urban and peri-urban communities.)Tj -3.73727 -1.21739 TD 0.0777 Tw (The company plans to expand both models to Africa and)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.022 Tw (other regions.)Tj -1.0435 -2.2588 TD Tj 1.0435 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.187 Tw (Although funding is concentrated mostly in the Middle)Tj 0 -1.2174 TD 0 Tc 0.005 Tw [(East - Egypt, Jordan, and the W)18(est Bank - we hear)-1(d about)]TJ T* -0.017 Tw (many projects that USAID has seeded directly and through)Tj -0.0001 Tc -0.012 Tw (the Global Development Alliance. All told, USAID's W)' 19.51524 0.00001 TD -0.0002 Tc (ater)Tj ET 0.5 w 0 G 66.25 54.25 299.5 521.5 re s BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (13)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 21 0 obj << /Length 1827 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0 g 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (14)Tj ET 0.87 g 67.142 303.57 298.555 271.93 re f BT /F14 1 Tf 11.5 0 0 11.5 96.1425 547.6185 Tm 0 g 0 Tc -0.012 Tw (for the Poor Initiative has funneled money to more than 70)Tj 0 -1.21739 TD 0.001 Tc 0.332 Tw (countries, helping more than 10 million people gain)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.022 Tw (improved access to clean water and sanitation.)Tj 0 -2.25878 TD -0.009 Tc 0.086 Tw [(USAID has pioneered the use of loan guarantees in T)74(amil)]TJ 0 -1.21739 TD -0.008 Tw (Nadu, India, to reduce risks for private lenders to water and)Tj 0.1592 Tw (sanitation pr)' 4.59516 0 TD (ojects. In India, too, and Mexico, USAID is)Tj -4.59516 -1.21739 TD 0.021 Tw (helping develop pooled funds to support water projects, an)Tj T* 0.177 Tw (idea borrowing heavily from the successful use of state)Tj T* 0.241 Tw (revolving funds in the United States. USAID also has)Tj T* 0.163 Tw (launched the Balkans Infrastructure Development Facility)Tj T* -0.001 Tc 0.324 Tw ((BIDFacility) to support development of infrastructure,)Tj -0.009 Tc 0.075 Tw (including water pr)' 6.54004 0 TD (ojects, in the r)Tj 5.24506 0 TD (egion. Not ever)Tj 5.85493 0 TD (y countr)Tj 2.89095 0 TD 0 Tc (y)Tj -20.53098 -1.2174 TD -0.009 Tc 0.1071 Tw (may be r)Tj 3.25235 0 TD (eady now to take advantage of these innovative)Tj -3.25235 -1.21739 TD -0.002 Tw [(financing regimes.)-237(Y)54(et experience in the United States sug-)]TJ 0.0634 Tw (gests that star)' 5.21264 0 TD (ting at a small scale, with incr)Tj 10.97691 0 TD (emental pilot)Tj -16.18955 -1.2174 TD -0.018 Tw (projects, can lead to bigger endeavors as experience builds.)Tj ET 0.5 w 0 G 66.892 303.32 299.055 272.43 re s Q endstream endobj 22 0 obj << /Length 3605 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F13 1 Tf 13 0 0 13 67 565.6151 Tm 0 g -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (Why Now?)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 79 538.4694 Tm 0.0239 Tw (Why indeed? So much has been written, so much has been said)Tj -1.09091 -1.37688 TD 0 Tc -0.009 Tw [(about water)70(. The issue appears in news stories almost daily and has)]TJ 0 -1.37687 TD 0.007 Tw [(been catalogued in books and weighty reports. A)18(war)-1(eness is rising)]TJ 0 -1.37686 TD 0.029 Tw (about the urgency of the problems and the need for action. What's)Tj 0 -1.37688 TD 0.024 Tw [(less well publicized, in our view)37(, is that there are fixes to some vex-)]TJ 0 -1.37687 TD 0.025 Tw (ing problems in some places - a chance, in other words, to stop the)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (relentless tsunami.)Tj 1.09091 -2.19506 TD -0.009 Tc 0.034 Tw [(W)30(e do not dismiss the good work in prior effor)-1(ts. An international)]TJ -1.09091 -1.37688 TD -0.0089 Tc 0.0558 Tw (decade for drinking water supply and sanitation expanded coverage)Tj 0 -1.37687 TD -0.009 Tc 0.161 Tw [(during the 1980s. Progress, however)70(, was over)-1(taken by population)]TJ 0 -1.37688 TD 0.128 Tw (growth and urbanization as more poor people concentrated on the)Tj T* 0.207 Tw (edge of cities with no access to public services. Another water)Tj 0 -1.37687 TD -0.0089 Tc 0.1057 Tw (decade was launched Mar)Tj 10.83193 0 TD -0.009 Tc (ch 22, 2005 - \322Inter)Tj 8.3204 0 TD -0.0089 Tc (national Decade for)Tj -19.15233 -1.37688 TD -0.009 Tc 0.0196 Tw (Action - W)Tj 4.19678 0 TD (ater for Life\323 - to str)Tj 7.77714 0 TD (ess the central r)Tj 6.4045 0 TD -0.0089 Tc (ole that water plays in)Tj -18.37843 -1.37689 TD -0.009 Tc 0.084 Tw (sustaining human life and well-being, to refocus political and global)Tj 0 -1.37687 TD -0.004 Tw [(commitments on water)70(, and to further cooperation at all levels. Three)]TJ T* 0.067 Tw [(W)30(orld W)29(ater Forums also have shed light on the global challenge in)]TJ -0.0091 Tc (pr)' 0.81502 0 TD -0.0089 Tc 0.0086 Tw (oviding clean water and sanitation. A four)Tj 16.56103 0 TD (th is scheduled in Mar)Tj 8.72374 0 TD (ch)Tj -26.09978 -1.37689 TD -0.009 Tc 0.07 Tw [(2006, in Mexico City)37(, the first time the international gathering will be)]TJ 0 -1.37687 TD 0.022 Tw [(hosted in the W)30(estern Hemispher)-1(e. )]TJ 1.09091 -2.19505 TD -0.0002 Tc (Fur)Tj 1.27661 0 TD 0 Tc 0.099 Tw (ther impetus has come from the Millennium Declaration and)Tj -2.36752 -1.37688 TD 0.061 Tw (the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, adopted by the commu-)Tj 0 -1.37687 TD 0.004 Tc 0.329 Tw [(nity of nations during the 2002 W)30(orld Summit on Sustainable)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.103 Tw (Development. The Millennium Development Goals seek to reduce)Tj 0 -1.37688 TD 0.115 Tw (by half by 2015 the number of people without access to improved)Tj 0 -1.37687 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0312 Tw (drinking water and adequate sanitation. Each in itself is a challenge,)Tj 0.0222 Tw (together something for)' 9.15278 0.00001 TD (midable. )Tj -8.0619 -2.1951 TD 0 Tc 0.114 Tw [(Our colleagues at W)20(ye repor)-1(ted that the drinking water goal is)]TJ -1.0909 -1.3769 TD -0.0001 Tc (bar)Tj 1.3328 0 TD 0.0965 Tw (ely on tar)Tj 3.91326 0.00001 TD (get and sanitation is falling behind. This is cause for)Tj -5.246 -1.3769 TD 0 Tc 0.043 Tw (concern. UN agencies are doing a better job tracking implementa-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (tion of the goals, but progress varies greatly region by region, with)Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (15)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 23 0 obj << /Length 3577 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g 0.04 Tw (most anxiety expressed about the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.)Tj 0 -1.37203 TD 0.008 Tw (China and India, too, are singled out for attention, as half the people)Tj 0 -1.37204 TD 0.127 Tw (without access to clean water and sanitation reside in these two)Tj 0 -1.37203 TD 0.022 Tw (most populous countries. The state of play certainly will be a focus)Tj 0 -1.37204 TD [(at the upcoming W)30(orld W)29(ater Forum. )]TJ 1.09091 -2.19021 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0051 Tw (In the United States, one especially pr)Tj 15.13078 0 TD (omising development is the)Tj -16.22169 -1.37205 TD 0 Tc -0.007 Tw (introduction of legislation on global water issues by Senate Majority)Tj 0 -1.37203 TD 0.229 Tw (Leader William Frist, co-sponsored with Senate Minority Leader)Tj 0 -1.37205 TD -0.016 Tw [(Harry Reid and Senator Richard Lugar)70(, chair of the Foreign Relations)]TJ 0 -1.37204 TD 0.042 Tw (Committee. This makes for a propitious moment: For the first time)Tj -0.0001 Tc (ther)' 1.61059 0 TD 0 Tc 0.116 Tw (e is leadership in Congress to spur greater US involvement in)Tj -1.61059 -1.37204 TD 0.022 Tw [(water issues internationally)37(. )]TJ 1.09091 -2.19022 TD 0.028 Tw [(Dr)69(. Frist encountered the water issue, we were told, during a trip)]TJ -1.09091 -1.37204 TD 0.093 Tw (to Africa to investigate HIV/AIDS, one of the other great tragedies)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0656 Tw (stalking the African continent. He grasped r)' 18.06319 0 TD (eadily the tie between)Tj -18.06319 -1.37205 TD 0.0077 Tw (HIV medications and the need for clean water if the disease is to be)Tj 0 -1.37204 TD 0 Tc 0.161 Tw [(treated effectively)36(. His legislation calls for)70(, in part, a strategy to)]TJ T* 0.12 Tw (deepen US government support and to broaden the government's)Tj 0 -1.37203 TD 0.183 Tw (reach through partnerships with non-profit and nongovernmental)Tj 0 -1.37205 TD 0.266 Tw [(groups, with companies, with the philanthropic community)36(, and)]TJ 0 -1.37203 TD 0.022 Tw [(other sectors of US society)37(. )]TJ 1.09091 -2.19023 TD 0.005 Tw (The rationale for a greater US role is strong. For some who gath-)Tj -1.09091 -1.37204 TD 0.097 Tw [(ered at W)19(ye, the humanitarian impulse is the driver - saving lives,)]TJ T* 0.141 Tw (reducing disease, giving people a new chance at life. For some,)Tj T* 0.04 Tw (national security looms large. They see access to clean water and)Tj T* 0.011 Tw [(sanitation as building blocks for economic growth, political stability)37(,)]TJ 0 -1.37203 TD 0.0658 Tw (and democracy)Tj 6.2494 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (, ther)Tj 2.12025 0.00001 TD (eby r)Tj 2.06435 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (educing the br)Tj 5.90799 0.00001 TD (eeding gr)Tj 3.84242 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (ounds for would-)Tj -20.18441 -1.37207 TD 0 Tc 0.094 Tw (be terrorists and lessening the likelihood that unrest will draw the)Tj 0 -1.372 TD 0.026 Tw [(United States into far)37(-off conflicts. For others, it is economic argu-)]TJ T* 0.016 Tw (ments - providing a climate for investment and job creation, tapping)Tj T* 0.26 Tw (new markets for products and equipment, boosting productivity)Tj -0.0002 Tc (thr)' 1.1106 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0893 Tw (ough better worker health, mitigating operational risks for com)Tj 25.64756 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -26.7582 -1.3721 TD 0.073 Tw [(pany facilities that depend on water where it is becoming scarcer)70(.)]TJ ET BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (16)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 24 0 obj << /Length 3569 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g 0.203 Tw (Still others at the meeting want to safeguard natural resources,)Tj 0 -1.41052 TD 0.162 Tw [(because healthy)37(, functioning freshwater and related ecosystems,)]TJ T* -0.022 Tw (including wetlands, estuaries, forests, and others, are directly linked)Tj 0 -1.41053 TD 0.022 Tw (to the well-being and future prospects of people. )Tj 1.09091 -2.2287 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0199 Tw (Whatever the motivations, attention to the global water challenge)Tj -1.09091 -1.41053 TD 0 Tc 0.161 Tw (today is growing. The consequences of lack of access to clean)Tj T* 0.085 Tw (water and sanitation throughout the world are preventable. Given)Tj 0 -1.41052 TD 0.022 Tw [(the urgency and the building momentum, the time for action is now)37(. )]TJ ET BT /F13 1 Tf 13 0 0 13 67 412.9324 Tm (The Broader Context)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 79 385.4166 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1748 Tw (Demand for clean water is exploding ever)Tj 17.70843 0 TD 0 Tc 0.175 Tw (ywhere. Population)Tj -18.79934 -1.41052 TD 0.028 Tw [(doubled over the past century)37(, while water use grew sixfold! More)]TJ -0.0066 Tw (people ar)' 3.76998 0 TD -0.007 Tw (e concentrating in urban areas where there are few public)Tj -3.76998 -1.41054 TD -0.0002 Tc (ser)Tj 1.27661 0 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0007 Tw (vices and little money to pr)Tj 10.71355 0 TD (ovide them. Exper)Tj 7.32773 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ts for)Tj 2.05351 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ecast gr)Tj 3.27566 0 TD 0 Tc (owing)Tj -24.64707 -1.41054 TD -0.001 Tw (demand for water to meet food needs, even though agricultural pro-)Tj 0 -1.41052 TD 0.18 Tw (duction already takes the lion's share of water in virtually every)Tj 0 -1.41053 TD -0.005 Tw [(developing country)37(. Energy demand is growing rapidly)37(, which puts a)]TJ 0 -1.41052 TD 0.027 Tw (larger call on water resources. And economic development to pro-)Tj 0 -1.41053 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (duce ever)Tj 4.02073 0 TD (ything fr)Tj 3.29832 0 TD 0 Tc 0.022 Tw [(om cars to microchips also requires clean water)70(.)]TJ -6.22814 -2.22871 TD 0.038 Tw (Rising demand is coupled with greater scarcity and other supply)Tj -1.09091 -1.41052 TD 0.097 Tw [(problems in many places. W)30(ater supplies ar)-1(e limited by pollution,)]TJ 0 -1.41053 TD 0.016 Tc 0.316 Tw [(excessive pumping of groundwater)70(, mismanagement, outright)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1713 Tw (waste, and inef)' 6.45168 0 TD (ficient use. T)Tj 5.77091 0 TD (ypically)Tj 3.0166 0 TD (, only a small per)Tj 7.40287 0 TD 0 Tc (centage of)Tj -22.64207 -1.41054 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0603 Tw (wastewater is tr)Tj 6.61691 0 TD 0 Tc 0.06 Tw (eated before disposal - an estimated 14 percent in)Tj -6.61691 -1.41052 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (Latin America. )Tj 1.09091 -2.22872 TD -0.0297 Tw (For years, development economists favor)Tj 16.31731 -0.00001 TD 0 Tc -0.03 Tw (ed roads, ports, airports,)Tj -17.4082 -1.4105 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1099 Tw (power plants, and telecommunications as the building blocks of a)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.211 Tw [(growing economy)37(. W)29(ater was hardly a priority)37(. That began to)]TJ T* 0.283 Tw (change in the 1990s, as cholera swept through Latin America,)Tj (r)' 0.3328 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0916 Tw (eaching as far nor)Tj 7.54985 0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.092 Tw [(th as the US-Mexico border)70(. Mor)-1(e than 10,000)]TJ -7.8826 -1.4105 TD 0.031 Tw (people died and a million were sickened. That got attention. Since)Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm -0.006 Tc [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (17)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 25 0 obj << /Length 3708 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g 0.11 Tw (then, new analyses of costs and benefits are helping to make the)Tj 0 -1.37203 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (economic case for investment in water in developing countries. )Tj 1.09091 -2.19023 TD 0 Tc 0.112 Tw (The water challenge is not strictly a problem of the developing)Tj -1.09091 -1.37204 TD 0.085 Tw (world. The United States is an affluent country that has benefited)Tj 0 -1.37205 TD 0.06 Tw [(from decades of investment in water infrastr)-1(ucture. And yet, state)]TJ 0 -1.37203 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1734 Tw (water managers for)Tj 8.23221 0 TD 0 Tc 0.173 Tw (esee scarcity even with normal precipitation.)Tj -8.23221 -1.37205 TD 0.144 Tw (Analyses by several groups over the past few years project sub-)Tj 0 -1.37203 TD 0.092 Tw (stantial funding gaps in meeting water infrastructure needs - hun-)Tj 0 -1.37205 TD 0 Tw (dreds of billions of dollars over the next 20 years for repairs of aging)Tj 0 -1.37204 TD 0.034 Tw (systems, upgrades and extensions, and meeting new regulations to)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (deal with pathogens and other contaminants in the water)' 22.93463 0 TD (. )Tj -21.84372 -2.19022 TD 0.003 Tc 0.33 Tw [(The United States has learned a lot about water)70(, in many)]TJ -1.09091 -1.37204 TD 0 Tc 0.2 Tw (instances the hard way when something didn't work or officials)Tj T* 0.042 Tw (failed to consider the full array of factors, especially environmental)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0592 Tw (factors. Healthy)' 6.63405 0 TD (, functioning ecological systems ar)Tj 14.11968 0 TD (e necessar)Tj 4.5016 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (y for)Tj -25.25533 -1.37206 TD 0 Tc 0.1564 Tw (human and economic health. The price of failing to heed this is)Tj 0 -1.37204 TD -0.019 Tw (steep: rivers no longer reaching the sea, 50 percent of wetlands lost)Tj T* 0.021 Tw (and with them water filtration and the buffers they provided against)Tj 0 -1.37203 TD 0.033 Tw (flooding, 20 percent of freshwater fish endangered, deterioration of)Tj 0 -1.37205 TD 0.049 Tw [(coastal resources, and more. Costly fixes are r)-1(equired to compen-)]TJ 0 -1.37203 TD 0.285 Tw [(sate for the ecological services nature once provided. T)90(oday)36(,)]TJ 0 -1.37204 TD 0.008 Tw (expensive large scale, multi-stakeholder restoration initiatives, sup-)Tj T* -0.006 Tw (ported by federal and state funds, are under way for the Everglades,)Tj T* 0.022 Tw [(the Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay)37(, and other parts of the countr)-1(y)38(. )]TJ 1.09091 -2.19022 TD -0.005 Tw (But there's a lot that has gone right, and the point to stress is that)Tj -1.09091 -1.37204 TD 0.089 Tw (investments by the US federal government in water infrastructure,)Tj 0 -1.37203 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0324 Tw (and the institutions that plan and car)Tj 14.80085 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (r)Tj 0.33276 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (y out these investments, have)Tj -15.13361 -1.37206 TD 0 Tc 0.064 Tw (proved essential to the country's development. Of particular inter-)Tj 0 -1.372 TD 0.01 Tw [(est at our forum was a discussion of the T)80(ennessee V)36(alley Authority)]TJ T* -0.023 Tw [(\(TV)37(A\), which targeted a region of the United States lagging behind in)]TJ T* 0.036 Tw (development. In the 1930s, more than 90 percent of the people had)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.1034 Tw (no electricity)' 5.28646 0.00001 TD (, about thr)Tj 4.26093 0.00001 TD (ee-four)Tj 2.94336 0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.103 Tw [(ths no piped water)70(, few had radios,)]TJ -12.4908 -1.3721 TD -0.019 Tw (less than a quarter owned cars or trucks. Most lived on subsistence)Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (18)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 26 0 obj << /Length 3372 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g 0.073 Tw [(farming. Soil erosion and flooding were r)-1(uinous. Then came TV)37(A.)]TJ 0 -1.3976 TD 0.01 Tw (Within a generation, it saved billions of dollars by preventing floods.)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (It helped farmers conserve productive soils. It spurred improve-)Tj T* 0.053 Tw [(ments in health, literacy)37(, industrial production. It brought electrici-)]TJ T* 0.24 Tw [(ty)37(, r)-1(efrigeration, navigable links to seaports, and revenues from)]TJ T* -0.014 Tw (hydropower to devote to community development. It brought oppor-)Tj 0 -1.39761 TD 0.022 Tw [(tunity)37(. )]TJ 1.09091 -2.21579 TD 0.116 Tw [(TV)37(A)7474(s history underscores that investments in large-scale, geo-)]TJ -1.09091 -1.39761 TD 0.288 Tw [(graphically-based initiatives can pay off handsomely)37(. They do)]TJ T* 0.02 Tw (require vision and leadership. Other elements of success: they are)Tj 0 -1.3976 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1769 Tw (multiple use in purpose, they draw in the range of stakeholders,)Tj 0 -1.39761 TD 0 Tc 0.019 Tw (including the people who live there and are thus most affected, and)Tj T* 0.016 Tw (they enjoy the active support of political leaders, national and local.)Tj T* 0.073 Tw (Countries around the world at a stage of development comparable)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0503 Tw (to the T)' 3.02037 0 TD (ennessee V)Tj 4.67901 0 TD (alley in the 1930s might benefit fr)Tj 13.35017 0 TD (om this experi)Tj 5.70861 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -26.75817 -1.39762 TD -0.007 Tw (ence, including lessons learned about the need to consider environ-)Tj 0 -1.39761 TD 0.051 Tw [(mental factors. And so might regional initiatives, in the Nile, Niger)70(,)]TJ 0 -1.3976 TD 0.234 Tw (and Senegal river basins, for example, supported by the Global)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (Environment Facility and other international institutions.)Tj 1.09091 -2.21579 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0009 Tw (Several of our colleagues at the meeting spoke dir)Tj 20.05509 0 TD (ectly about the)Tj -21.146 -1.39761 TD 0 Tc -0.019 Tw (need for water decisions to take account of the full spectrum of sup-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (ply and demand issues in providing drinking water and sanitation.)Tj T* 0.135 Tw (This notion of full accounting is embodied in the concept of inte-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (grated water resources management, which engages all the rele-)Tj T* 0.048 Tw (vant functions, information, and stakeholders. Under this umbrella,)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0084 Tw (good decisions can be made, or at least better decisions than in the)' 0.0476 Tw (past. Oftentimes, for example, conser)' 15.3421 0.00001 TD (vation or impr)Tj 5.59206 0.00001 TD (oved ef)Tj 2.99122 0.00001 TD (ficiency)Tj -23.92538 -1.39763 TD 0 Tc -0.028 Tw (of use is cheaper than developing new reservoirs or other expensive)Tj T* 0.08 Tw [(infrastructure. In fact, industry)37(, power production, and agriculture)]TJ T* -0.005 Tw (are the largest consumers of water in the United States, and it is the)Tj T* 0.172 Tw (improvement in efficiency in these sectors that underlies the US)Tj T* 0.122 Tw (record of holding water use essentially level since the mid 1970s,)Tj T* 0.018 Tc 0.393 Tw (even as population and economic production have soared.)Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (19)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 3522 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g 0.054 Tw (Integrated water resources management can help ask and answer)Tj 0 -1.40246 TD 0.022 Tw [(the right questions about meeting demand for water)70(. )]TJ 1.09091 -2.22063 TD 0.054 Tw [(Internationally)37(, a good example of the failure to apply integrated)]TJ -1.09091 -1.40246 TD -0.014 Tw (thinking can be seen in India. Farmers pay virtually nothing for elec-)Tj 0 -1.40247 TD 0.027 Tw (tricity and thus in some communities are pumping so much ground-)Tj 0 -1.40245 TD 0.09 Tw [(water that the water table is dropping 10 to 15 feet a year)70(. That's)]TJ 0 -1.40246 TD -0.0001 Tc (har)Tj 1.33276 0 TD 0 Tc 0.086 Tw (dly sustainable, and is especially lamentable when alternatives)Tj -1.33276 -1.40247 TD 0.077 Tw (like drip irrigation are available to cut water demand and increase)Tj 0 -1.40246 TD 0.104 Tw [(crop yields. Energy)36(, agriculture, water - all would do better if the)]TJ T* 0.022 Tw (interrelationships were fully considered. )Tj 1.09091 -2.22064 TD 0.004 Tc 0.187 Tw (Though the economic and environmental cases for furthering)Tj -1.09091 -1.40246 TD 0.063 Tw (adoption of integrated water resource management are becoming)Tj 0 -1.40247 TD -0.023 Tw (unassailable, many poor countries, we heard, need assistance from)Tj 0 -1.40246 TD 0.047 Tw (donor countries and agencies to define the problem fully \(typically)Tj 0.0043 Tc -0.0134 Tw (not mer)' 3.0721 0 TD (ely incr)Tj 2.96446 0 TD 0.0044 Tc (easing water supplies\), and to set up the framework,)Tj -6.03656 -1.40247 TD 0.1023 Tw (institutions, plans, and financing to impr)Tj 16.58019 0 TD 0.0043 Tc (ove water r)Tj 4.8064 0 TD (esour)Tj 2.29879 0 TD 0.004 Tc 0.102 Tw (ce man-)Tj -23.68538 -1.40247 TD 0.0044 Tc (agement.)Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 13 0 0 13 67 265.7983 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (Public or Private? )Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 79 238.3712 Tm -0.004 Tc 0.085 Tw [(G)1(e)1(t)1(t)1(i)1(n)1(g)1( )1(s)1(a)1(f)1(e)1(,)1( )1(a)1(f)1(f)1(o)1(r)1(dable, and sustainable water and sanitation to)]TJ -1.09091 -1.40246 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.0357 Tw (those without ar)Tj 6.49827 0 TD (e har)Tj 2.06824 0 TD (dly contentious goals. But how that gets done)Tj -8.56651 -1.40247 TD -0.004 Tc 0.236 Tw [(can )-1(prompt )-1(considerable )-1(contro)1(v)1(e)1(r)1(s)1(y)38(.)1( T)74(w)1(o)1( i)1(s)1(s)1(u)1(e)1(s)1(,)1( i)1(n)1( p)1(a)1(r)1(t)1(i)1(c)1(u)1(l)1(a)1(r)71(,)]TJ 0 -1.40246 TD 0.072 Tw [(s)1(e)1(e)1(m)1( )1(t)1(o)1( )1(r)1(a)1(i)1(s)1(e)1( )1(r)1(ed flags - the idea that access to water should be a)]TJ T* 0.165 Tw [(fundamental human right, even pro)1(v)1(i)1(d)1(e)1(d)1( )1(f)1(r)1(ee to poor households,)]TJ 0 -1.40247 TD -0.0045 Tc -0.0189 Tw (and the idea that the private sector can play a beneficial r)Tj 22.57372 0 TD -0.004 Tc -0.019 Tw (ole in deliv-)Tj -22.57372 -1.40247 TD 0.022 Tw [(ering needed serv)1(i)1(c)1(e)1(s)1(.)]TJ 1.09091 -2.22065 TD 0 Tc 0.092 Tw [(Arguments over privatization, in our view)36(, distract from the fun-)]TJ -1.0909 -1.4025 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.067 Tw (damental objective, which is to impr)Tj 14.71802 0.00001 TD (ove water deliver)Tj 7.07475 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (y and sanita-)Tj -21.7928 -1.4025 TD 0.09 Tw (tion. This is a responsibility that belongs to governments and that)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (many governments have manifestly failed to carry out. In the cur-)Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (20)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 28 0 obj << /Length 3817 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g 0.134 Tw (rent environment, when long-term concessions to private compa-)Tj 0 -1.37845 TD 0.234 Tw [(nies are out of favor)70(, and private investors are shunning water)]TJ 0 -1.37847 TD 0.044 Tw (investments, we believe the focus must be directed at holding gov-)Tj 0 -1.37845 TD 0.022 Tw (ernments more strictly accountable for water services.)Tj 1.09091 -2.19664 TD 0.034 Tw (Some groups argue that access to water should be a fundamen-)Tj -1.09091 -1.37846 TD 0.113 Tw [(tal right. W)30(e heard great sympathy ar)-1(ound the table for ensuring)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.0177 Tw (access of all to clean water and sanitation. But the practical, oper)' 26.75813 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -26.75813 -1.37846 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2397 Tw (ational dimensions gave ever)Tj 12.38056 0 TD 0 Tc 0.24 Tw (yone pause: What would it really)Tj -12.38056 -1.37847 TD 0.022 Tw (mean? Who would enforce it? How? )Tj 1.09091 -2.19665 TD 0.009 Tc 0.044 Tw (That \322water should be free\323 to some users also seems a popu-)Tj -1.09091 -1.37845 TD 0.162 Tw (lar refrain of some groups because of concern for poor house-)Tj 0 -1.37846 TD 0.112 Tw [(holds. Surely it's clear)70(, however)69(, that treating, transporting, and)]TJ 0 -1.37845 TD 0.199 Tw [(storing water costs money)37(. So does treating and disposing of)]TJ 0 -1.37846 TD 0.0088 Tc (wastewater)Tj 4.79502 0 TD 0.0087 Tc 0.1477 Tw (. Mor)Tj 2.67992 0 TD 0.0088 Tc (eover)Tj 2.25115 0 TD 0.009 Tc 0.148 Tw (, proper pricing encourages efficient use)Tj -9.72608 -1.37846 TD 0.13 Tw [(and reduces waste. Costs have to be covered in some way)37(, by)]TJ T* -0.009 Tw (ratepayers through tariffs or by governments through tax revenues)Tj 0 -1.37845 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.013 Tw (or a combination, and should be decided thr)Tj 18.02285 0 TD (ough a pr)Tj 3.88254 0 TD (ocess that is)Tj -21.90538 -1.37847 TD 0.009 Tc 0.101 Tw (transparent, accountable, and participatory and that ensures the)Tj 0 -1.37846 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.1506 Tw (needs of the poor)Tj 7.60079 0 TD (est households ar)Tj 7.56002 0 TD (e met. T)Tj 3.82937 0 TD (o be sur)Tj 3.59272 0 TD (e, full cost)Tj -22.5829 -1.37847 TD 0 Tc (r)Tj 0.34164 0 TD 0.0088 Tc (ecover)Tj 2.82984 0 TD 0.0437 Tw (y may be an unattainable objective; few utilities, including)Tj -3.17148 -1.37847 TD 0.0745 Tw (in the United States, achieve it. Some may cover operations and)Tj 0 -1.37845 TD 0.2121 Tw (maintenance, but few can cover capital costs for upgraded or)Tj 0 -1.37847 TD 0.009 Tc 0.125 Tw (expanded coverage. In fact, the US government helped finance)Tj 0 -1.37845 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.1336 Tw (the capital costs of water infrastr)Tj 14.25062 0 TD (uctur)Tj 2.15495 0 TD (e thr)Tj 2.0105 0 TD (oughout the countr)Tj 8.03705 0 TD 0 Tc (y)Tj 0.41585 0 TD (.)Tj -26.86898 -1.37848 TD 0.0088 Tc -0.0261 Tw (So too, developing countries will have to look beyond ratepayers to)Tj 0 -1.37846 TD 0.009 Tc 0.022 Tw (provide funds for infrastructure.)Tj 1.09091 -2.19665 TD 0 Tc 0.107 Tw (The poor now pay dearly for their water - in payments to truck)Tj -1.09091 -1.37846 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1228 Tw (vendors, in ill health fr)Tj 9.31947 0.00001 TD (om drinking contaminated water)Tj 13.23887 0.00001 TD (, or in time)Tj -22.5583 -1.3785 TD 0.1407 Tw (spent securing water fr)Tj 9.75113 0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.141 Tw (om distant sources. They also pay in the)Tj -9.7511 -1.3785 TD 0.091 Tw (degradation of natural resources on which they depend. Concern)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (for the poor is not misplaced. But practical and responsible meth-)Tj T* 0.036 Tw (ods for dealing with the problem are available - cheap rates for the)Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (21)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 29 0 obj << /Length 3915 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g 0.016 Tw (amount of water necessary to sustain life, for instance, or transpar-)Tj 0 -1.37856 TD 0.01 Tw (ent subsidies to poor households or water providers on their behalf.)Tj 1.09091 -2.19675 TD 0.096 Tw (A decade ago, private provision of water utilities was hailed by)Tj -1.09091 -1.37857 TD 0.256 Tw (many as bringing new capital, management skills, and efficient)Tj T* 0.063 Tw (operations to the global water challenge. But the approach hasn't)Tj 0 -1.37856 TD 0.005 Tw (realized its initial promise, and most private operators no longer see)Tj 0 -1.37857 TD 0.045 Tw (developing countries as good markets. The risks are large and ris-)Tj T* 0.03 Tw (ing, the returns rather limited. One major lesson from these experi-)Tj 0 -1.37858 TD 0.125 Tw (ences: the private model works only when there is a functioning)Tj 0 -1.37856 TD 0.049 Tw (legal and regulatory framework. This underscores the centrality of)Tj 0 -1.37857 TD 0.029 Tw [(the governance agenda - transparency)37(, accountability)36(, anti-corr)1(up-)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.0731 Tw (tion, citizen par)' 6.25501 0 TD 0 Tc 0.073 Tw (ticipation, a working judiciary - to advancing better)Tj -6.25501 -1.37857 TD 0.022 Tw (water services.)Tj 1.09091 -2.19674 TD (W)Tj 0.85913 0 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0268 Tw (e embrace the notion that a quantity of clean water for drinking,)Tj -1.95004 -1.37858 TD -0.0058 Tw (bathing, and hygiene is necessar)Tj 13.13824 0 TD (y for life and for health, and pr)Tj 11.95414 0 TD (ovid)Tj 1.66577 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -26.75815 -1.37858 TD 0.094 Tw (ing it is a responsibility of government. That governmental bodies)Tj 0 -1.37857 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0493 Tw (have failed to pr)Tj 6.58973 0 TD (ovide these essential water ser)Tj 12.69076 0 TD (vices, and to invest)Tj -19.28049 -1.37858 TD -0.0232 Tw (in their development and maintenance, led to private initiatives - and)Tj 0 -1.37856 TD 0.147 Tw (to a backlash. Opposition to private par)Tj 16.85543 0 TD (ticipation often obscur)Tj 9.29163 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (es)Tj -26.14706 -1.37858 TD 0 Tc 0.036 Tw (and confuses the essential challenges of providing water and sani-)Tj 0 -1.37857 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1212 Tw (tation: to cr)Tj 5.13963 0 TD (eate honest, transpar)Tj 8.79499 0 TD (ent public bodies to oversee, or)Tj -13.93462 -1.37858 TD -0.0002 Tc (pr)Tj 0.83276 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2441 Tw (ovide dir)Tj 3.68648 0 TD (ectly)Tj 1.90674 0 TD (, water ser)Tj 4.7631 0 TD 0 Tc 0.244 Tw (vices, for which, in turn, they collect)Tj -11.18908 -1.37858 TD 0.1714 Tw (enough r)Tj 3.72611 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (evenues and apply those funds to maintenance to keep)Tj -3.72611 -1.37858 TD 0 Tc 0.228 Tw (pace with population growth, economic development, and other)Tj 0 -1.37857 TD -0.007 Tw (public needs. The typical experience of water departments in devel-)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0791 Tw (oping countries is one of overstaf)' 13.72305 0 TD 0 Tc (fing, poor accounting and billing,)Tj -13.72305 -1.37857 TD -0.0001 Tc (failur)Tj 2.05445 0.00001 TD 0.0409 Tw (e to maintain pumps and pipes, and r)Tj 14.94774 0.00001 TD (ecover)Tj 2.77661 0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.041 Tw (y of only a third of)Tj -19.77879 -1.37858 TD 0.022 Tw (the cost of service. This must be transformed.)Tj 1.0909 -2.1968 TD -0.004 Tc 0.039 Tw (Those who oppose private finance, construction, or management)Tj -1.0909 -1.3786 TD -0.005 Tc 0.02 Tw [(of )1(water )1(infrastructure)-1( h)-1(a)-1(v)-1(e)-1( t)-1(h)-1(e)-1( o)-1(b)-1(l)-1(i)-1(g)-1(a)-1(t)-1(i)-1(o)-1(n)-1( t)-1(o)-1( h)-1(e)-1(l)-1(p)-1( i)-1(m)-1(p)-1(r)-1(ove )1(the )1(deliv-)]TJ T* -0.004 Tc 0.065 Tw [(e)1(r)1(y)1( )1(o)1(f)1( )1(p)1(u)1(b)1(l)1(i)1(c)1( )1(s)1(e)1(r)1(vices or to explain how public bodies alone can do)]TJ ET BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0 Tc 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (22)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 30 0 obj << /Length 3689 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g -0.0045 Tc 0.0668 Tw (what most in the developing world have so conspicuously failed to,)Tj 0 -1.40897 TD -0.004 Tc 0.243 Tw [(t)1(h)1(a)1(t)1( )1(i)1(s)1(,)1( )1(p)1(r)1(ovide adequate, clean water at reasonable cost. The)]TJ 0 -1.40896 TD -0.005 Tc 0.044 Tw [(urgent )1(requirement )1(is )1(clean )1(water)69(.)-1( T)-1(h)-1(e)-1( q)-1(u)-1(e)-1(s)-1(t)-1(i)-1(o)-1(n)-1( o)-1(f)-1( w)-1(h)-1(o)-1( p)-1(r)-1(ovides )1(it,)]TJ 0 -1.40897 TD 0.035 Tw [(whether a public or private entity)37(, strikes us as a secondary consid-)]TJ 0 -1.40896 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.0222 Tw (eration. )Tj 1.09091 -2.22715 TD 0 Tc 0.071 Tw (It is often concern for the poor that causes groups to challenge)Tj -1.09091 -1.40896 TD 0.032 Tw [(private sector involvement in water)70(, with mistrust of the profit-mak)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.11 Tw (ing motive perhaps underlying the concern. The controversy sur-)Tj 0 -1.40897 TD 0.039 Tw (rounding private water operators delivering services via ownership)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (or contractual arrangements should not undermine the emergence)Tj 0 -1.40896 TD 0.097 Tw [(of a new phenomenon: for)37(-profit companies are joining with non-)]TJ T* 0.005 Tw (profit organizations in partnerships that voluntarily take on the chal-)Tj 0.1041 Tw (lenge of helping pr)' 7.75435 0 TD 0.104 Tw (ovide water services to communities or institu-)Tj -7.75435 -1.40896 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0042 Tw (tions. Mor)Tj 4.28331 0 TD 0 Tc 0.004 Tw (e such companies are coming to understand that there is)Tj -4.28331 -1.40896 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0658 Tw (a str)Tj 1.84217 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ong dir)Tj 2.84242 0 TD (ect business case for gr)Tj 9.86942 0 TD (eater attention to water supply)Tj -14.55401 -1.40897 TD 0.0173 Tw (and demand, including the availability of clean water and sanitation)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.085 Tw (to those in need. And more non-profit organizations, eager to use)Tj -0.0001 Tc (par)' 1.33276 0 TD 0 Tc 0.099 Tw (tnerships to achieve their aim, are coming to accept that busi-)Tj -1.33276 -1.40896 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0171 Tw (nesses can make constr)Tj 9.66609 0 TD (uctive contributions beyond philanthr)Tj 14.83236 0 TD (opy by)Tj -24.49845 -1.40897 TD 0 Tc 0.116 Tw [(developing and supporting new small-scale, sustainable, for)37(-pr)-1(ofit)]TJ 0 -1.40896 TD 0.022 Tw [(local enterprises in the water sector)70(.)]TJ 1.09091 -2.22714 TD 0.108 Tw [(The company representatives who participated in the W)19(ye dia-)]TJ -1.09091 -1.40897 TD 0.006 Tw [(logue recognize that without adequate supplies of clean water)70(, they)]TJ 0 -1.40896 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0255 Tw (may not be able to continue operations. W)Tj 17.30978 0 TD (ithout clean water)Tj 7.25707 0 TD 0 Tc 0.026 Tw (, com-)Tj -24.56685 -1.40897 TD 0.023 Tw [(pany products may not be usable. Without clean water)70(, workers' ill)]TJ 0 -1.40896 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1911 Tw (health may lower pr)Tj 8.51383 0 TD 0 Tc 0.191 Tw [(oductivity)37(. Company representatives told us)]TJ -8.51383 -1.40898 TD 0.042 Tw (quite clearly that these practical incentives are causing more firms)Tj 0 -1.40896 TD 0.166 Tw (to consider how they might contribute to resolving water issues,)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0843 Tw (whether leading initiatives that draw on company)' 20.18404 0.00001 TD (, community)Tj 4.87873 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (, and)Tj -25.0628 -1.409 TD 0.023 Tw (donor assistance; extending water services directly; contributing to)Tj T* -0.007 Tw (nongovernmental or local groups to enable them to deliver services;)Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (23)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 31 0 obj << /Length 3563 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 567.0588 Tm 0 g -0.0001 Tc -0.0008 Tw (developing models for small-scale local enterprises to deliver water)Tj 0 -1.45684 TD 0 Tc 0.022 Tw (services; or providing other technical or financial help. )Tj 1.09091 -2.27501 TD 0.068 Tw (As more groups, institutions and companies - alone and in part-)Tj -1.09091 -1.45684 TD -0.006 Tw (nerships - address the need for clean water and sanitation for those)Tj T* 0.05 Tw (who lack these services, we hope, and we expect, to see progress)Tj -0.0001 Tc (accelerate.)' ET BT /F13 1 Tf 13 0 0 13 67 440.9074 Tm 0.0222 Tw (Recommendations )Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 79 412.8822 Tm 0 Tc 0.078 Tw [(The discussions at W)20(ye culminated in a series of recommenda-)]TJ -1.09091 -1.45684 TD 0.038 Tw (tions that drew widespread support. \(These are summarized at the)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.1323 Tw (beginning of this r)' 7.56074 0 TD (epor)Tj 1.83276 0 TD (t.\) Our intended audiences ar)Tj 12.49065 0 TD (e the policy)Tj 4.87399 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -26.75815 -1.45685 TD -0.023 Tw (makers in Congress and the Executive Branch, who can make things)Tj 0 -1.45684 TD 0.0791 Tw (happen dir)Tj 4.35575 0 TD 0.079 Tw (ectly or in concert with other governments and interna-)Tj -4.35575 -1.45684 TD 0.03 Tw (tional agencies, and the broader community of interests around the)Tj T* 0.143 Tw (US and abroad that have something tangible to contribute - non-)Tj -0.0001 Tc (gover)' 2.27661 0 TD -0.0016 Tw (nmental gr)Tj 4.27478 0 TD (oups, companies, philanthr)Tj 10.7705 0 TD (opies, pr)Tj 3.44079 0 TD (ofessional soci)Tj 5.99547 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -26.75815 -1.45685 TD -0.015 Tw (eties, and others. Many of these actors can move more quickly than)Tj 0 -1.45684 TD -0.0001 Tc (gover)Tj 2.27661 0 TD 0 Tc 0.048 Tw (nments or international agencies, and so we urge their direct)Tj -2.27661 -1.45684 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (involvement in meeting the global water challenge.)Tj 1.09091 -2.82047 TD -0.0048 Tc (1\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 221.6046 Tm -0.0045 Tc 0.2352 Tw (Clean water and sanitation must become a higher priority)Tj 0 -1.45685 TD -0.004 Tc 0.083 Tw (because they are fundamental to human health and reducing)Tj 0 -1.45684 TD -0.0045 Tc (pover)Tj 2.25443 0 TD -0.005 Tc 0 Tw [(ty)37(.)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 130.7818 189.5541 Tm -0.0045 Tc 0.0168 Tw (National gover)Tj 5.84196 0 TD -0.005 Tc 0.017 Tw [(nments, which bear prime re)-1(s)-1(p)-1(o)-1(n)-1(s)-1(i)-1(b)-1(i)-1(l)-1(i)-1(-)]TJ -9.45848 -1.45685 TD -0.004 Tc 0.023 Tw [(t)1(y)38(,)1( )1(a)1(s)1( )1(w)1(e)1(l)1(l)1( )1(a)1(s)1( )1(regional and local governments, donors, and oth-)]TJ 0 -1.45683 TD -0.0045 Tc 0.1736 Tw (ers in the water sector must pr)Tj 13.17544 0 TD -0.005 Tc 0.174 Tw [(ovide greater resourc)-1(e)-1(s)-1( )-1(a)-1(n)-1(d)]TJ -13.17544 -1.45684 TD 0.147 Tw [(convey a sense of urg)-1(e)-1(n)-1(c)-1(y)36(. T)89(o monitor progress in meeting)]TJ T* -0.004 Tc 0.307 Tw [(i)1(n)1(t)1(e)1(r)1(n)1(a)1(t)1(i)1(o)1(n)1(a)1(l)1(l)1(y)1( )1(a)1(g)1(r)1(eed water and sanitation goals, periodic)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.242 Tw [(country-level )1(report)-1(i)-1(n)-1(g)-1( i)-1(s)-1( n)-1(e)-1(e)-1(d)-1(e)-1(d)-1(,)-1( w)-1(h)-1(i)-1(c)-1(h)-1( w)-1(i)-1(l)-1(l)-1( r)-1(equire )1(assis)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.114 Tw [(tance in countries without the ability to gather health-re)-1(l)-1(a)-1(t)-1(e)-1(d)]TJ -0.0046 Tc (statistics.)' ET BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0 Tc 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (24)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 32 0 obj << /Length 3382 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 79 567.0588 Tm 0 g -0.0003 Tc (2\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 567.0588 Tm 0 Tc 0.025 Tw [(All schools and orphanages should have clean water)60(, sanita-)]TJ 0 -1.46464 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1389 Tw (tion, and hygiene education by 2015. )Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 263.2682 550.9478 Tm (The United States and)Tj -15.66074 -1.46464 TD 0.007 Tc 0.326 Tw (other donor countries, international agencies, developing)Tj 0 -1.46465 TD 0.004 Tc 0.329 Tw (country leaders and the business and non-profit sectors)Tj 0 -1.46463 TD 0 Tc 0.022 Tw (should mobilize resources to meet this need.)Tj -1.09091 -3.28283 TD -0.0136 Tc (3\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 466.5035 Tm -0.013 Tc 0.312 Tw (The President of the United States and his Administration)Tj 0 -1.46464 TD 0.06 Tw (should develop a strategy to mobilize American resources and)Tj T* 0.117 Tw [(institutions to become more involved in water internationally)36(.)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 418.1703 Tm 0.152 Tw (The rationale for greater US involvement in meeting the need)Tj 0 -1.46464 TD 0.001 Tw [(globally for safe, aff)1(o)1(r)1(dable, and sustainable water is compelling)]TJ T* 0.234 Tw (and is captured in legislation introduced by Senate Majority)Tj 0 -1.46465 TD 0.25 Tw (Leader Frist and co-sponsored by Minority Leader Reid and)Tj 0 -1.46464 TD 0.022 Tw [(F)1(o)1(r)1(eign Relations Committee Chairman Lugar)69(. )]TJ -1.09091 -3.28283 TD -0.0003 Tc (4\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 317.6149 Tm 0 Tc 0.113 Tw [(For reasons of health, the economy)37(, and environmental sus-)]TJ 0 -1.46463 TD -0.006 Tw [(tainability)37(, governments must invest more in water infrastr)-1(uc-)]TJ 0 -1.46464 TD 0 Tw (ture.)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 114.314 285.3928 Tm 0.065 Tw (These investments must be considered in the context of)Tj -2.11945 -1.46464 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0098 Tw (other water r)Tj 5.23924 0 TD (elated issues, including agricultur)Tj 13.52315 0 TD 0 Tc 0.01 Tw [(e, energy)37(, flood)]TJ -18.76239 -1.46464 TD -0.0001 Tc (contr)Tj 2.11059 0 TD 0.0222 Tw (ol, and ecosystem functions. )Tj -3.2015 -3.28283 TD -0.0003 Tc (5\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 217.0596 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0648 Tw (Decisions about covering the costs of clean water and sani)Tj 24.57633 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -24.57633 -1.46465 TD 0.024 Tw (tation should be decided through a participatory process that)Tj 0 -1.46464 TD 0.02 Tw (ensures the needs of the poor are met and provides sufficient)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.1077 Tw (funds for maintenance. )' ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 199.0258 168.7264 Tm 0 Tc 0.108 Tw (Except for the poorest countries, the)Tj -9.82053 -1.46464 TD -0.009 Tw (needed resources, which are substantial, for the most part will)Tj 0 -1.46463 TD 0.018 Tc 0.359 Tw (have to come from the affected countries themselves.)Tj 0 -1.46465 TD 0 Tc 0.053 Tw (Whether they are paid for by governments with tax revenues,)Tj T* 0.145 Tw (by ratepayers through tariffs, or a combination, should be a)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0521 Tw (pragmatic decision ar)' 8.82287 0.00001 TD (rived at thr)Tj 4.43493 0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.052 Tw (ough a participatory process)Tj -13.2578 -1.4647 TD 0.022 Tw (that is open, transparent, and accountable. )Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (25)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 33 0 obj << /Length 3560 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 79 567.0588 Tm 0 g -0.0003 Tc (6\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 567.0588 Tm 0.013 Tc 0.32 Tw (Because water and sanitation are the responsibility of)Tj 0 -1.39294 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0091 Tw (women in much of the developing world, they should become)Tj 0 -1.39295 TD 0 Tc -0.031 Tw (more directly involved in managing water resources and mak-)Tj 0 -1.39294 TD 0.002 Tc 0.331 Tw [(ing water)37(-r)-1(elated decisions.)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 231.078 521.0916 Tm [(W)30(omen currently bear most)]TJ -12.73436 -1.39295 TD 0 Tc 0.092 Tw (responsibility for collecting water for families in underserved)Tj T* 0.115 Tw (communities and, along with children, will benefit most from)Tj 0 -1.39294 TD 0.065 Tw (better water and sanitation service. All agencies and institu-)Tj 0 -1.39295 TD 0.092 Tw (tions in the water sector should strive to ensure that women)Tj T* 0.084 Tw (participate fully in managing and making decisions regarding)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (water resources.)Tj -1.09091 -3.21113 TD -0.0003 Tc (7\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 393.8342 Tm 0.0088 Tc 0.2333 Tw (Development assistance should emphasize building local)Tj 0 -1.39295 TD 0.009 Tc 0.237 Tw [(capacity)37(, creating legal frameworks for managing water)59(,)]TJ 0 -1.39294 TD 0.147 Tw (and building local sources of funding.)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 274.977 363.1893 Tm (Improved municipal)Tj -16.72518 -1.39295 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.0769 Tw (financial management in the developing world can enhance)Tj T* 0.009 Tc 0.145 Tw (credit and expand access to domestic capital. Clear legal)Tj 0 -1.39294 TD -0.005 Tw (and regulatory regimes are essential for managing water and)Tj 0 -1.39295 TD 0.0088 Tc 0.2874 Tw (enabling private investment. T)Tj 13.04371 0 TD (echnical assistance is also)Tj -13.04371 -1.39295 TD (necessar)Tj 3.79144 0 TD 0.2181 Tw (y to build capacity for delivering water ser)Tj 18.74174 0 TD (vices.)Tj -22.53318 -1.39296 TD 0.1146 Tw (Rebuilding after natural disasters, when assistance may be)Tj 0 -1.39295 TD 0.0087 Tc (mor)Tj 1.5813 0 TD 0.0088 Tc -0.0094 Tw (e plentiful, should suppor)Tj 10.25404 0 TD (t sustainable solutions for water)Tj -11.83534 -1.39295 TD 0.0222 Tw (and sanitation ser)Tj 7.36791 0 TD (vices.)Tj -8.45882 -3.12023 TD -0.0003 Tc (8\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 206.2871 Tm 0 Tc 0.197 Tw [(Promising partnerships among governments, not-for)36(-profits,)]TJ 0 -1.30205 TD 0.294 Tw (community and faith-based organizations, and businesses)Tj 0 -1.30204 TD 0.139 Tw (should be replicated and scaled up.)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 265.4371 177.6422 Tm (Many creative interim)Tj -15.85792 -1.30205 TD 0.053 Tw (and long term solutions to the need for clean water and sani-)Tj 0 -1.30204 TD 0.24 Tw (tation exist. Mobilizing resources for these initiatives and)Tj T* 0.022 Tw [(coordinating their efforts ar)-1(e essential.)]TJ -1.0909 -3.1202 TD -0.0048 Tc (9\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 100.3523 Tm -0.0045 Tc 0.0115 Tw (Decentralized water tr)Tj 9.03438 0.00001 TD (eatment systems or point-of-use house)Tj 15.54195 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -24.5763 -1.302 TD -0.004 Tc 0.231 Tw [(h)1(o)1(l)1(d)1( )1(t)1(r)1(eatment, coupled with sustained hygiene education,)]TJ T* 0.109 Tw [(should be deployed more)1( )1(w)1(i)1(d)1(e)1(l)1(y)38(,)1( )1(e)1(s)1(p)1(e)1(c)1(i)1(a)1(l)1(l)1(y)1( )1(w)1(h)1(e)1(r)1(e they can)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.036 Tw [(reduce water)36(-related disease immediately)37(. )]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 287.4006 57.3849 Tm -0.0045 Tc 0.0361 Tw (These, along with)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 34 0 obj << /Length 1315 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91 567.0588 Tm 0 g -0.0045 Tc 0.0151 Tw (market-based, small-scale enterprises and other decentralized)Tj 0 -1.28088 TD 0.013 Tc 0.376 Tw (distribution and treatment options, offer promising new)Tj 0 -1.28087 TD -0.004 Tc -0.022 Tw [(a)1(p)1(p)1(r)1(oaches to meeting the need for clean water and sanitation. )]TJ -1.57091 -3.09906 TD -0.018 Tc (10\))Tj ET BT /F13 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 91.0142 504.7899 Tm 0 Tc 0.091 Tw (Decisions about managing water resources must involve all )Tj 0.03613 -1.28087 TD 0.055 Tw (stake holders and all relevant factors in supply and demand, )Tj -0.04115 -1.28088 TD -0.028 Tw [(with efficient)-312(water use and protection of ecosystems as cen-)]TJ 0.05856 -1.28087 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0052 Tw (tral goals.)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 140.9079 462.521 Tm 0 Tc -0.005 Tw [(Planning)-137(efforts must take account of all aspects of )]TJ -4.51967 -1.28088 TD 0.102 Tw [(supply and demand, including agriculture, energy)37(, flood con-)]TJ 0.03504 -1.28087 TD 0.2 Tw [(trol, and ecosystem functions,)-737(as well as the needs of all )]TJ -0.04421 -1.28088 TD 0 Tw (interests. )Tj ET BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 265.7161 604.8965 Tm -0.006 Tc 0.031 Tw [(Repor)18(t of the Co-Chairs)]TJ ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (27)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 35 0 obj << /Length 1564 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f 1 g 66 415.819 300 88.181 re f q BT /F10 1 Tf 20 0 0 20 67 488.5615 Tm 0 g 0.022 Tw [(The 4th W)25(orld W)18(ater For)-1(um)]TJ ET 1 g 66 54 300 342 re f BT /F9 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 79 387.4198 Tm 0 g 0.281 Tw (Besides seeking to stimulate greater US engagement on water)Tj -1.14286 -1.33333 TD 0.178 Tw [(issues internationally)37(, the Aspen Institute and the Nicholas Institute)]TJ T* 0.238 Tw [(convened this dialogue to contribute suggestions to the 4th W)30(orld)]TJ (W)' 0.85913 0 TD 0.215 Tw [(ater Forum scheduled for Mexico City)37(, Mar)-1(ch 16 to 22, 2006. In)]TJ -0.85913 -1.33334 TD -0.009 Tw [(January 2005, C\216sar Herrera T)90(oledo, V)18(ice Director of Mexico's National)]TJ 0 -1.33333 TD 0.087 Tw [(W)30(ater Commission General Program wrote, \322W)29(e are pleased that the)]TJ -0.0001 Tc -0.0135 Tw (Aspen Institute's dialogue has been designed to ser)' 20.59222 0 TD (ve as a Pr)Tj 3.90152 0 TD (eparator)Tj 3.44335 0 TD 0 Tc (y)Tj -27.9371 -1.33334 TD (W)Tj 0.85913 0 TD 0.018 Tw (orkshop and look forward to receiving its results as we finalize plans)Tj -0.85913 -1.33334 TD 0.061 Tw (for the Forum.\323 The Commission has the lead in organizing the Forum)Tj 0 -1.33333 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (for the gover)Tj 5.15328 0 TD (nment of Mexico.)Tj -4.01042 -2.19048 TD -0.0022 Tw (As a contribution to the For)Tj 10.81789 0 TD (um, the following letter was sent April 20,)Tj -11.96075 -1.33334 TD 0 Tc 0.022 Tw [(2005, to V)18(ice Director Her)-1(r)1(era. )]TJ 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (29)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 2990 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 79.0605 495.5452 Tm 0 g -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (April 20, 2005)Tj 0 -4.64332 TD 0 Tc 0.022 Tw [(Ing. C\216sar Herrera T)90(oledo)]TJ 0 -1.42165 TD (V)Tj 0.53808 0 TD (ice Director)Tj -0.53808 -1.42166 TD [(National W)30(ater Commission / Comisi\227n Nacional del Agua)]TJ T* [(Insurgentes Sur 2416, Col. Copilco el Bajo, C.P)145(. 04340)]TJ 0 -1.42165 TD [(Delegaci\227n Coyoac\207n, M\216xico D.F)92(.)]TJ 0 -4.64332 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0222 Tw (Dear Mr)Tj 3.28342 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (. Her)Tj 1.90965 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (rera:)Tj -3.99307 -2.32165 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0506 Tw (As co-chairs of the \322W)Tj 9.33462 0 TD (ater)Tj 1.54077 0 TD (, Development, and U.S. Policy\323 dialogue)Tj -12.07539 -1.42167 TD 0 Tc 0.04 Tw (convened by the Aspen Institute and the Nicholas Institute, March 30 -)Tj 0 -1.42166 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0756 Tw (April 2, we ar)Tj 5.50034 0 TD (e writing to r)Tj 5.27941 0 TD (epor)Tj 1.83276 0 TD (t to you and other or)Tj 8.43027 0 TD (ganizers of the 4th)Tj -21.04278 -1.42166 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 0.85913 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0386 Tw (orld W)Tj 2.67437 0 TD (ater For)Tj 3.14776 0 TD (um about the r)Tj 5.892 0 TD (esults of our meeting. Y)Tj 9.67459 0 TD (our Januar)Tj 4.42607 0 TD (y 6th)Tj -26.67392 -1.42168 TD 0 Tc 0.051 Tw (letter to John A. Riggs at Aspen invited our contribution, which we are)Tj 0 -1.42166 TD 0.022 Tw (pleased to provide.)Tj 1.2 -2.32165 TD (W)Tj 0.85913 0 TD 0.177 Tw (e had a full and stimulating discussion among some 30 partici-)Tj -2.05913 -1.42166 TD 0.051 Tw (pants, who came from a variety of sectors and backgrounds - environ-)Tj -0.0001 Tc -0.0319 Tw (ment, development, the public sector)' 14.57564 0 TD (, private companies and mor)Tj 11.20088 0 TD (e \(a list)Tj -25.77652 -1.42165 TD -0.0233 Tw (of par)Tj 2.3092 0 TD (ticipants is attached\). W)Tj 9.81812 0 TD (e will send the r)Tj 6.23658 0 TD (epor)Tj 1.83277 0 TD (t and the website link)Tj -20.19667 -1.42167 TD 0 Tc 0.116 Tw (when it is final. In addition to brief descriptions of nongovernmental,)Tj 0 -1.42166 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.006 Tw (corporate, and other initiatives by U.S. gr)Tj 16.28997 0 TD 0 Tc (oups working internationally to)Tj -16.28997 -1.42165 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0679 Tw (bring water and sanitation to communities, schools, and other venues,)Tj 0 -1.42166 TD 0.0222 Tw (we anticipate the r)Tj 7.56438 0.00001 TD (epor)Tj 1.83276 0.00001 TD (t will contain the following highlights:)Tj -8.1971 -2.9217 TD 0 Tc Tj 1.2 0 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0249 Tw (The need is clear to elevate the priority for clean water)Tj 21.6158 -0.00001 TD (, sanitation,)Tj -21.6158 -1.4216 TD 0 Tc 0.046 Tw (and hygiene education by governments, donor agencies, compa-)Tj 0 -1.4217 TD 0.151 Tw (nies, and others; and progress is as much a matter of building)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (political will as it is of building capacity and securing finance. )' 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (31)Tj ET 1 w 0 G 66.079 504.0005 m 66.079 54.4755 l S Q endstream endobj 37 0 obj << /Length 3662 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 91 567.7808 Tm 0 g 0.096 Tw [-867(As a signature initiative, agencies and institutions, including the)]TJ 1.2 -1.40001 TD 0.045 Tw [(private sector)70(, should be mobilized to get water and sanitation to)]TJ 0 -1.4 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (all schools and orphanages within a generation. )Tj -1.2 -2 TD 0 Tc 0.054 Tw [-867(The U.S. government should prepare a strategy for greater inter-)]TJ 1.2 -1.40001 TD -0.019 Tw [(national leadership and participate constructively in the 4th W)30(orld)]TJ 0 -1.4 TD 0.022 Tw [(W)30(ater Forum. )]TJ -1.2 -2 TD 0.277 Tw [-867(A large need exists for public investments to improve water)]TJ 1.2 -1.4 TD 0.022 Tw (resources management. )Tj -1.2 -2 TD 0.082 Tw [-867(Improving governance by creating a legal and regulatory frame)-1(-)]TJ 1.2 -1.4 TD 0.153 Tw (work for water resources management is as important as, and)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (must accompany)' 6.81663 0 TD 0 Tc 0.022 Tw (, greater funding.)Tj -8.01663 -2 TD 0.075 Tw [-867(Except in the poorest countries, domestic sources of investment)]TJ 1.2 -1.4 TD 0.146 Tw (will have to cover most of the costs of water service improve-)Tj -0.0001 Tc (ments.)' -1.2 -2 TD 0 Tc 0.078 Tw [-867(Point-of-use and other community and household level interven-)]TJ 1.2 -1.4 TD 0.022 Tw (tions can offer immediate health benefits.)Tj -1.2 -2 TD 0.085 Tw [-867(Integrated water resources management can make an essential)]TJ 1.2 -1.4 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (contribution to clean water and health, as well as other goals.)Tj -1.2 -2.8 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 0.85913 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0121 Tw (e ar)Tj 1.5668 0 TD 0 Tc 0.012 Tw (e especially pleased that your colleague Francisco Gurria was)Tj -3.62593 -1.40001 TD 0 Tw (able to join us to speak about preparations for the Forum. His presenta-)Tj 0 -1.4 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0247 Tw (tion and r)Tj 3.82583 0 TD (emarks pr)Tj 4.0218 0 TD (ompted an excellent discussion of the oppor)Tj 17.80902 0 TD (tunities)Tj -25.65665 -1.40001 TD 0 Tc 0.0222 Tw (and concer)Tj 4.57688 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ns, which we summarize below)Tj 12.5463 0 TD 0 Tc (.)Tj -15.92318 -2.30001 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1905 Tw (First, with Mexico hosting this inter)Tj 14.94421 0 TD (national For)Tj 4.91072 0 TD 0 Tc 0.191 Tw (um, a tremendous)Tj -21.05493 -1.4 TD 0.126 Tw (opportunity exists to shine the spotlight on the urgent need for clean)Tj T* 0.013 Tw [(water)70(, sanitation, and hygiene education in Mexico, as well as through-)]TJ -0.0001 Tc -0.0231 Tw (out the developing world. Elevating the priority at home and among your)' 0.1567 Tw (neighbors in the r)' 7.46701 0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0.157 Tw (egion should be possible. In his opening remarks,)Tj -7.46701 -1.40001 TD 0.015 Tw (President Fox has a unique platform to command world attention to this)Tj -0.0002 Tc (pr)' 0.8328 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (oblem, speaking with passion and fr)Tj 14.32763 0.00001 TD (om a position of str)Tj 7.608 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (ength given all)Tj -22.7684 -1.4 TD 0.064 Tw (that you are doing in Mexico to address water issues. It is our under-)Tj T* 0.101 Tw (standing, for example, that Mexico is moving away from the notion of)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0352 Tw (water as a fr)' 5.1583 0.00001 TD (ee good, r)Tj 4.06892 0.00001 TD (ecognizing that clean water and sanitation have)Tj -9.2272 -1.4 TD 0 Tc -0.017 Tw [(costs and those costs must be covered. Further)70(, we understand that the)]TJ ET BT /F12 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 604.1337 Tm 0.0305 Tw (A Silent T)Tj 5.19063 0.00001 TD -0.0001 Tc (sunami)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (32)Tj ET 1 w 0 G 65.7207 575.239 m 65.7207 54.476 l S Q endstream endobj 38 0 obj << /Length 3866 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F12 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 338.5724 604.8965 Tm 0 g -0.0061 Tc (Letter)Tj ET BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 357.0107 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (33)Tj 10 0 0 10 79 567.7808 Tm 0 Tc 0.142 Tw (new water law assigns responsibility for water management to state)Tj 0 -1.40001 TD 0.05 Tw (and local governments, and that the shift in irrigation from government)Tj 0 -1.4 TD 0.162 Tw (control to user groups is nearly complete. These are important and)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (timely moves and we urge that President Fox explain what Mexico is)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (doing and why for the benefit of many of the assembled countries.)' 1.2 -2.3 TD 0 Tc 0.063 Tw (Second, the Forum's emphasis on solutions, tangible on-the-ground)Tj -1.2 -1.4 TD 0.087 Tw (results, models, examples, case studies, and partnerships strike us as)Tj T* -0.025 Tw (right on target, as embodied in the overarching theme \322Local Actions for)Tj T* 0.179 Tw (a Global Challenge.\323 Past Forums have witnessed fundamental dis-)Tj T* 0.058 Tw [(agreements over philosophy)37(, ideology)37(, and strategy that have impeded)]TJ T* 0.027 Tw [(progress, in our view)36(. Though some of these issues may resurface, we)]TJ T* 0.041 Tw (hope they won't again distract from the most fundamental questions of)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0276 Tw (how to impr)' 4.7755 0 TD (ove access to clean water and sanitation to people in need)Tj -4.7755 -1.4 TD 0 Tc 0.055 Tw (and how to improve management of water resources for the benefit of)Tj T* 0.009 Tw [(all. Showcasing what works, why)37(, and the lessons learned, we believe,)]TJ T* 0.091 Tw (will inspire others and make the point these water problems are solv-)Tj T* 0.022 Tw [(able with sufficient will, finances, and know-how)37(.)]TJ 1.2 -2.3 TD 0.121 Tw (Third, communications and public relations planning are critical to)Tj -1.2 -1.4 TD 0.023 Tw (the Forum's success. Not only can extensive publicity about the Forum)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0353 Tw (advance the cause of clean water and sanitation in Mexico and world)' 28.26724 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -28.26724 -1.4 TD -0.015 Tw (wide, but we understand there may be an alternative civil society forum,)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0626 Tw (which will be competing for media attention with the main For)' 25.22801 0 TD (um. W)Tj 2.87197 0 TD 0 Tc (e)Tj -28.09998 -1.40001 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0927 Tw (applaud your ef)Tj 6.40554 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (for)Tj 1.11059 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ts to involve NGO leaders in the main For)Tj 16.95517 0 TD (um, at the)Tj -24.4713 -1.40001 TD 0 Tc 0.006 Tw [(Fair)70(, on panels and in workshops, and in other venues. They often bring)]TJ 0 -1.4 TD 0.072 Tw (a rich experience of working directly with communities and local peo-)Tj T* 0.096 Tw [(ple, they bring a perspective that differs from that of government offi)-1(-)]TJ T* 0.083 Tw [(cials, and their involvement would be valuable. W)30(e encourage you to)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.0605 Tw (continue to seek their input in the planning and their par)' 22.9306 0.00001 TD (ticipation dur)Tj 5.33662 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -28.26722 -1.40001 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0036 Tw (ing all or par)Tj 5.00795 0 TD 0 Tc 0.004 Tw (t of the Forum. One way might be to include a specific ses-)Tj -5.00795 -1.40001 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0187 Tw (sion or two on the key issues they cite - for example, water as a human)Tj 0 -1.4 TD 0 Tc 0.051 Tw (right or private sector participation - to give them a voice at the Forum)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (and structure the discussion.)Tj 1.2 -2.3 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0226 Tw (News media, as no doubt you know)Tj 13.98881 0.00001 TD (, thrive on contr)Tj 6.20681 0.00001 TD 0 Tc -0.023 Tw (oversy and will try)Tj -21.3956 -1.4 TD 0.106 Tw (to exploit the differences between the main Forum and a civil society)Tj T* 0.03 Tw [(forum. There is no way to rein in top reporters, nor should you tr)-1(y)37(. But)]TJ ET 1 w 0 G 66.0004 576.0006 m 66.0004 53.9996 l S Q endstream endobj 39 0 obj << /Length 3855 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 7.65 0 0 7.65 67 604.5028 Tm 0 g [(ASPEN)-287(ENERGY)-288(POLICY)-287(FORUM)]TJ 9 0 0 9 67 28.5027 Tm -0.0003 Tc (34)Tj 10 0 0 10 79 567.7808 Tm 0 Tc 0.189 Tw (providing them a steady diet of good experts and practitioners with)Tj 0 -1.40001 TD 0.111 Tw (whom to speak, project briefings, field visits, regular announcements,)Tj 0 -1.4 TD (and story ideas and themes or messages for the day should help - in)Tj T* -0.032 Tw (other words, a very active program for media. Remarks by President Fox)Tj T* 0.043 Tw (and other prominent speakers throughout the Forum should help frame)Tj T* -0.009 Tw (and underscore the issues. Former heads of state like Oscar Arias have)Tj T* 0.173 Tw (enormous credibility and should attract attention. Other high profile)Tj T* 0.303 Tw (celebrities or officials, likewise, can help present and amplify the)Tj T* 0.022 Tw (Forum's messages.)Tj 1.2 -2.3 TD 0.14 Tw [(Mr)69(. Gurria stated that Forum organizers are working to find a few)]TJ -1.2 -1.4 TD -0.004 Tw (simple messages to come out of the Forum. This is welcome news. Our)Tj T* -0.017 Tw (meeting recognized the need for a simple compelling message that con-)Tj -0.0001 Tc 0.0342 Tw (veys both the ur)' 6.48837 0 TD (gency of the water challenge and the ability to solve it,)Tj -6.48837 -1.4 TD 0 Tc 0.007 Tw [(as a means of raising awareness and building public support. W)30(e wer)-1(e)]TJ T* 0.103 Tw [(a technical and policy group, however)70(, and did not arrive at any con-)]TJ T* 0.046 Tw [(sensus about that message. W)30(e concluded that involving communica-)]TJ T* 0.022 Tw (tions or public relations professionals would be worthwhile. )Tj 1.2 -2.3 TD -0.027 Tw [(Fourth, Mr)70(. Gur)-1(ria asked us to suggest some U.S. examples that might)]TJ -1.2 -1.4 TD 0.042 Tw [(be relevant. One is the T)80(ennessee V)36(alley Authority)37(. In the 1930s, more)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.1342 Tw (than 90 per)' 4.71056 0 TD (cent of the people in this lar)Tj 11.91243 0 TD 0 Tc 0.134 Tw (ge, multi-state region had no)Tj -16.62299 -1.40001 TD 0.022 Tw [(electricity)37(, about three-fourths had no piped water)69(, few had radios, and)]TJ 0 -1.4 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0637 Tw (less than a quar)Tj 6.57692 0 TD (ter of the people owned cars or tr)Tj 13.82907 0 TD (ucks. Most lived on)Tj -20.40599 -1.40001 TD 0.0405 Tw (subsistence far)Tj 6.20431 0 TD (ming. Soil er)Tj 5.28556 0 TD (osion and flooding wer)Tj 9.2294 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (e r)Tj 1.09518 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (uinous. W)Tj 4.30146 0 TD (ithin a)Tj -26.11591 -1.40002 TD 0 Tc -0.017 Tw [(generation, that all changed. TV)37(A saved billions of dollars by preventing)]TJ 0 -1.4 TD 0.06 Tw (floods. It helped farmers conserve productive soils. It led to improve-)Tj T* 0.026 Tw [(ments in health, literacy)37(, and industrial production. It brought electrici-)]TJ T* 0.014 Tc 0.319 Tw [(t)1(y)38(,)1( )1(refrigeration, navigable links to seaports, and revenues from)]TJ -0.0001 Tc (hydr)' 1.77661 0.00001 TD 0.0011 Tw (opower to devote to community development. TV)Tj 19.68695 0 TD 0 Tc 0.001 Tw (A's history under-)Tj -21.46356 -1.40001 TD -0.0001 Tc (scor)Tj 1.77661 0 TD 0 Tc 0.13 Tw (es that large public infrastructure investments can pay off hand-)Tj -1.77661 -1.40001 TD 0.006 Tc 0.327 Tw [(somely)37(, indeed they may be essential to spur economic gr)-1(owth.)]TJ 0 -1.4 TD 0 Tc 0.116 Tw (Countries around the world at a stage of development comparable to)Tj T* 0.021 Tw [(where the T)80(ennessee V)37(alley was in the 1930s might benefit fr)-1(om under-)]TJ -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (standing this experience.)' 1.2 -2.3 TD 0.0581 Tw (The United States also has considerable experience, including both)Tj -1.2 -1.4 TD 0 Tc 0.045 Tw (successes and failures, that might usefully be shared about river basin)Tj ET 1 w 0 G 66.6427 576.0002 m 66.6427 54.4752 l S Q endstream endobj 40 0 obj << /Length 4105 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q BT /F9 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 79 567.7808 Tm 0 g 0.021 Tw (management, large scale restoration and the importance of incorporat-)Tj 0 -1.43902 TD 0.086 Tw (ing ecological values into water resources management. Our country)Tj 0 -1.439 TD -0.008 Tw [(has learned, often at extensive cost, that healthy)37(, functioning ecological)]TJ 0 -1.43902 TD 0.022 Tw (systems are critical to human and economic well-being.)Tj 1.2 -2.339 TD 0.042 Tw (Our recent experience with more efficient use of water may also be)Tj -1.2 -1.43902 TD 0.136 Tw (relevant to Mexico and Forum participants. In large measure due to)Tj 0 -1.439 TD 0.071 Tw [(improved efficiency of use in agriculture and industry)37(, U.S. water con-)]TJ 0 -1.43901 TD 0.013 Tw (sumption has remained in total about where it was in the mid 1970s and)Tj 0 -1.439 TD 0.022 Tw (on a per capita basis about where it was in the 1950s.)Tj 1.2 -2.339 TD 0.095 Tw (Fifth, our personal experience on U.S. delegations to large interna-)Tj -1.2 -1.43901 TD 0.037 Tw (tional meetings suggests it may be too much to ask Ministers to forego)Tj 0 -1.439 TD 0.0082 Tw (negotiating an accor)Tj 8.29246 0 TD 0.008 Tw [(d. Mr)70(. Gurria stated that the For)-1(um's hosts hope to)]TJ -8.29246 -1.43901 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1214 Tw (draw a sizable of)Tj 7.13896 0 TD (ficial U.S. delegation, as well as many other par)Tj 19.9066 0 TD (tici)Tj 1.22168 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -28.26724 -1.43901 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0229 Tw (pants fr)Tj 3.03134 0 TD (om our countr)Tj 5.56342 0 TD 0 Tc -0.023 Tw [(y)37(. W)30(e, too, hope that comes to pass. 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